Table 3 Specific examples of bridging within each domain applied to a matrix adapted from Thorncroft and Tansella (1998)
From: A scoping review to characterize bridging tasks in the literature on aging with disability
Domain | System level | Input | Tasks | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Policy | Macro | • Policy development / changes– that mandate joint collaboration and planning / degradation of structures promoting silos | • Service delivery - funding of services • Collaboration and joint planning & service development | • Not specified |
Research and training | Macro | • Policies calling for collaboration and consideration of both aging and disability issues • Aging and disability research and training consortiums / professional associations / special interest groups • Funding | • Planning, • Collaboration, in research • Advocacy and awareness raising | • Knowledge creation through research and policy studies on aging and disability • Informed stakeholders on aging/disability issues |
Meso | • University centres in aging and developmental disability • Inter-agency partnerships / memorandums of agreement • Resources to support research (e.g., databases, data collection materials, protected staff time) | • Monitoring / surveillance of community needs / opportunities/needs for bridging • Training & Education • Collaboration and joint planning & service development | • Information on community needs to inform policy & service planning • Training to interdisciplinary teams / health workforce and research trainees • Curriculum development to train aging and disability workers | |
Micro | • Supportive organizational culture • Partnership / collaboration between disability service and geriatric assessment clinic | • Collaboration and joint planning & service development • Training and Mentoring – rotating health professionals, providing exposure to different systems (disability or aged care specialty services) | • Not specified | |
Health and social service delivery | Macro | • Policies mandating collaboration, and attention to aging and disability issues • Inter-agency partnerships / memorandums of agreement • Shared values, theories and frames of reference | • Collaboration, planning, advocacy, establishing and adapting services | • Improving accessibility of care and the quality of services provided • Enhanced efficiency of service systems • Improving quality of life, inclusion of persons with disabilities, and aging in place. |
Meso | • Consultants / experts in aging and disability and agencies with dedicated staffing to provide information and facilitate access to resources • Funding • Inter-agency partnerships / memorandums of agreement • Planning Committees • Organizational policies | • Collaboration, planning, establishing and adapting services • Advising, Liaising and Facilitating – sharing of resources, enhanced collaboration across agencies, and advising on existing services/supports • Training of health workforce | • Improving the quality of care • Earlier and more accurate diagnosis of health issues • Improving quality of life, inclusion of persons with disabilities, and aging in place. | |
Micro | • Social worker, nurses, case manager • Individuals living with disability, Curriculum / training initiatives to develop community skills in bridging | • Training and skill development –for clients and families • Establishing services, Care coordination, Assessment, Liaising, Facilitating, Navigation • Mentoring | • Facilitating timely and appropriate access to care, system navigation, aging in place, enhanced client choice regarding care • Inclusion of adults with IDD in community groups for older adults | |
Nano | • Social worker, nurses, case manager | • Individualised client planning, Care coordination, Navigation, Facilitating, Referral | • Not specified |