Author1 | Country and setting | Study design | Chronic Disease | Sample size | Intervention description, healthcare providers (HCPs), SM Components2 | Control | Outcomes measured | Follow up | Results | Quality rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rothman 2004 (Rothman 2005) | USA Public primary care clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Diabetes | 217 | Individual Phone and face-to-face SMS over 12/12 Pharmacist and nurse 1,2,3,5,6,7 | Single session with pharmacist | Hb A1c and blood pressure | 12/12 | HbA1c improved significantly from baseline for both I/C. For higher literacy participants group there was no difference between I/C but those with low literacy had a HbA1c change of −1.4% (adjusted), CI −2.3 to − 0.6%, p < 0.001, favouring intervention. BP improved in intervention group regardless of literacy, p = 0.006 | JBI 11/12 S/O 11/11 |
DeWalt 2012 (DeWalt 2006) | USA Hospital clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Chronic heart failure (HF) | 605 | Individual Education session then phone support for 12/12 Health educators 1,2,3,5,7,8 | Single 1–1 education session | All-cause hospitalisation, death, HF hospital admission, HFQOL | 12/12 | In low-literacy participants adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) was 0.73 for all-cause hospitalisation and death and 0.48 for HF hospitalisation, favouring intervention; IRR for high literacy was 1.16 for all-cause and 1.34 for HF hospitalisation, favouring control. | JBI 10/12 S/O 11/11 |
Bosma 2011 (Lamers 2010) | Netherlands Public primary care clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Diabetes or COPD with mild to moderate depression. | 361 | Individual Home-based CBT and SMS for 6/52 Nurses 1,3,4,6,7,8 | Usual GP care | Depression primary outcome (Beck Depression Inventory); also health-related quality of life (QOL); control beliefs (mastery); self-efficacy. | 9/12 | Interaction between education level was significant (p < 0.05) or nearing significance (p < 0.10) at 3 and 9 months for all outcomes with no benefit for low educated. Clinically significant (> 50% improvement) in depression at 9 months for high educated only. | JBI 11/12 S/O 9/11 |
Moskowitz 2013 (Thom 2013) | USA Public primary care clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Diabetes | 299 | Individual Phone and face-to-face peer support over 6/12 Peer health coaches 1,3,4,5,6,8 | Usual GP care | HbA1c | 6/12 | HbA1C reduced by 1.07% (intervention) vs 0.3% (control), p = 0.01. HbA1c decrease was predicted by SM ability and medication adherence. Those with low SM ability benefited most; ethnicity and education did not differentially affect the outcome. | JBI 10/12 S/O 9/11 |
Powell 2010 | USA Hospital clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Heart failure | 902 | Group SMS classes over 12/12 Health professionals 1,2,3,4,5,6 | Education sheets plus phone follow-up | Death/HF hospitalisation, medication adherence, salt intake, SM ability, cardiac QOL, SF 36, depression. | 2.5 years | Depression, self-efficacy and salt intake improved in both intervention and control groups. Low income participants in the control group had a non-significant (p = 0.056) trend to earlier cardiac event (death/hospitalisation). | JBI 11/12 S/O 6/11 |
Smeulders 2010 (Smeulders 2006) | Netherlands Hospital clinics | RCT with subgroup analysis | Chronic heart failure | 317 | Group Stanford CDSMP for 6/52 Nurse and peer leader 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 | Usual care | Cardiac QOL (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) | 12/12 | Short-term improvement in cardiac QOL in intervention group but not at 6 or 12/12. Lower educated patients improved more than higher educated (p = 0.018) throughout the follow-up period. | JBI 10/12 S/O 7/10 |
Jonker 2012 | Netherlands Elderly daycare facility | RCT with subgroup analysis | Frail elderly; unspecified chronic disease (mean of 2 CDs) | 63 (intervention group) | Group Stanford CDSMP for 6/52 Nurses 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 | Waitlist | Depression, valuation of life, control beliefs (mastery); self-efficacy, cognitive function. | 6/12 | Mastery (p = 0.01) and Depression (p = 0.05) scores improved from baseline in the intervention group at 6/12 (small effect size); subgroup analysis showed improvements in mastery (p < 0.05) were limited to the lower educated and those with better cognitive function. | JBI 6/12 S/O 5/11 |
Nour 2006 | Canada Public community health centres | RCT with subgroup analysis | Arthritis and housebound | 58 (intervention group) | Individual Home-based CBT and SMS for 8/52 Allied HCPs 1,3,4,5,6,8 | Waitlist | Health behaviour changes, arthritis score, pain/fatigue scores, mastery, depression, self-efficacy. | 8/52 | Increased frequency of exercise (p < 0.001) and relaxation (p = 0.05) in intervention group but not for those with depression or perceived low SES. | JBI 5/12 S/O 5/11 |
Govil 2009 | USA Insurance funded clinics | Cohort study | Cardiovascular disease | 785 | Individual and group 3/12 lifestyle programme Range of HCPs 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 | None | Blood pressure, lipids, exercise tolerance, BMI, depression, adherence. | 3/12 | Outcomes improved significantly p < 0.05 across all education and income levels. Adherence and attendance similar across all groups. Baseline measures were significantly lower in low educated. | JBI 9/11 |