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Table 3 Inner City Attitude Assessment Tool (ICAAT). Participants are instructed to indicate their level of agreement with each item using a six-point Likert-type scale (1–strongly disagree; 2 – disagree; 3 – somewhat disagree; 4 – somewhat agree; 5 – agree; 6–strongly agree). The items are meant to appear in a random format. The following preamble may appear with the items: ‘This tool assesses attitudes towards inner city populations. Your responses will remain anonymous. Please answer the following as honestly as possible.’

From: Development of the Inner City attitudinal assessment tool (ICAAT) for learners across Health care professions

Factor 1 – Affective

1. I feel uneasy when interacting with patients from the inner city.

2. I feel uncomfortable when I talk to a patient from the inner city about their social circumstances.

3. I feel uneasy when I am in a room alone with someone from the inner city.

4. I avoid contact with people from the inner city when I am outside of a health care setting.

5. I avoid contact with people from the inner city when I am in a health care setting.

6. I find it difficult to work with patients from the inner city because I have no way of relating to them.

7. I find it difficult to view things from the perspective of a patient from the inner city.

8. I am reluctant to talk to patients from the inner city about their social circumstances.

9. People from the inner city are disruptive to health care staff and other patients.

10. People from the inner city do not adequately value their own health.

11. People from the inner city overuse the health system and waste health care dollars.

Factor 2 – Behavioural

1. I feel I know enough about the health issues of inner city populations to provide care to a patient from the inner city.

2. I feel that I know enough about the social determinants of health to provide care to a patient from the inner city.

3. I feel capable of establishing a good working rapport with patients from the inner city.

4. I feel capable of communicating effectively with a patient from the inner city.

5. I feel capable of facilitating trust with a patient from the inner city in a professional setting.

Factor 3 – Cognitive

1. It is my professional responsibility to provide care to underserved populations.

2. My profession should be involved in providing care to underserved populations.

3. Professionals in my discipline should address social determinants of health (such as unstable housing) when interacting with patients.

4. Professionals in my discipline should advocate for the health of inner city populations.

5. Professionals in my discipline should adapt how care is provided in order to meet the needs of patients from the inner city.

6. A person from the inner city deserves hospital space and resources as much as any other patient.

7. It is worth my time to provide care to someone from the inner city.

8. Providing care to inner city populations is pointless.