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Table 3 EPOC implementation strategies [26] identified in the N = 40 included studies

From: Implementation interventions in preventing surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: a systematic review

First author, year

Audit and feedback

Organi-sational culture

Monito-ring the perfor-mance of the delivery of healthcare

Re-minders

Educa-tional meetings

Local con-sensus processes

Continous quality improve-ment

Local opinion leaders

Edu-cational materials

Clinical practice guidelines

Educa-tional outreach visits, or academic detailing

Commu-nities of practice

Tailored inter-ventions

Mana-gerial super-vision

Interpro-fessional education

Clinical incident reporting

Educa-tional games

Patient-mediated inter-ventions

Public release of performance data

Routine patient-reported outcome measures

Number of imple-mentation strategies used in studies

Bull, 2011 [34]

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

            

8

Cameron, 2015 [35]

X

       

X

           

2

Cima, 2013 [36]

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

             

7

Connolly, 2016 [37]

 

X

 

X

X

X

              

4

Crolla, 2012 [38]

X

X

X

          

X

      

4

DeHaas, 2016 [39]

 

X

        

X

         

2

Elia-Guedea, 2017 [40]

X

X

 

X

X

               

4

Forbes, 2008 [41]

X

X

X

  

X

 

X

            

5

Frenette, 2016 [42]

X

 

X

X

 

X

   

X

          

5

Garcell, 2017 [43]

X

 

X

X

X

               

4

Geubbels, 2004 [44]

X

 

X

                 

2

Grant, 2018 (Epub 2017) [45]

 

X

                  

1

Hechenbleikner, 2015 [46]

X

X

  

X

               

3

Hedrick, 2007 [47]

X

X

X

X

X

X

              

6

Hedrick, 2007 [48]

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

            

7

Hewitt, 2017 [49]

 

X

  

X

X

              

3

Kao, 2010 [50]

X

X

 

X

X

       

X

       

5

Keenan, 2014 [51]

X

 

X

   

X

             

3

Keenan, 2015 [52]

X

X

X

X

   

X

            

5

Kilan, 2017 [53]

X

X

X

X

X

X

      

X

 

X

     

8

Knox, 2016 [54]

   

X

    

X

           

2

Larochelle, 2011 [55]

X

X

X

                 

3

Lavu, 2012 [56]

 

X

                  

1

Liau, 2010 [57]

X

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

          

8

Losh, 2017 [58]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

   

X

        

8

Lutfiyya, 2012 [59]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

             

6

Mammo, 2016 [60]

    

X

    

X

          

2

Misteli, 2012 [61]

   

X

 

X

              

2

Nordin, 2018 (Epub 2017) [62]

X

 

X

                 

2

Pastor, 2010 [63]

X

X

X

X

  

X

   

X

 

X

       

7

Pérez-Blanco, 2015 [64]

X

                   

1

Reames, 2015 [65]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

  

X

 

X

      

10

Tanner, 2016 [66]

X

 

X

    

X

            

3

Tillman, 2013 [67]

X

X

X

 

X

   

X

           

5

Vogel, 2010 [68]

X

X

X

X

  

X

             

5

Vu, 2018 (Epub 2017) [69]

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

  

X

X

        

8

Waters, 2017 [70]

X

 

X

                 

2

Wick, 2012 [71]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

           

8

Wick, 2015 [72]

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

  

X

         

8

Willis, 2016 [73]

X

X

   

X

   

X

          

4

Number of studies the implementation strategy was used in

32

28

26

21

18

14

11

10

6

4

4

3

3

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

 

% of studies the implementation strategy was used in

80%

70%

65%

52.5%

45%

35%

27.5%

25%

15%

10%

10%

7.5%

7.5%

5%

2.5%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

 
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