Direct medical costs of end-stage kidney disease and renal replacement therapy: a cohort study in Guangzhou City, southern China

Table 3 Annual outpatient and inpatient care utilization, % or mean ± standard deviation

	HD	PD	Difference (99.17%CI)	P value	KT (first year)	KT(second year)	Difference (99.17%CI)	P value
No. Patients	3765	1237			117	41
Outpatient services
Annual outpatient visits	218.6 ± 22.7	12.6 ± 5.3	205.9 (194.1–217.6)	0.000^a	21.2 ± 9.8	16.2 ± 4.0	5.0 (2.0–7.9)	0.000^a
Hospital level: Primary (%)	0.5	0.0	\	\	0.0	0.0	\	\
Hospital level: Secondary (%)	20.6	3.5	5.2 (3.5–7.8)	0.000^b	0.0	0.0	\	\
Hospital level: Tertiary (%)	78.9	96.5	28.7 (26.9–30.6)	0.000^b	100.0	100.0	\	\
Inpatient services
Patients having hospitalization (%)	26.8	23.3	24.7 (23.1–26.4)	0.000^b	100.0	\	\	\
Annual inpatient admissions	2.0 ± 1.9	1.6 ± 0.9	0.4 (0.2–0.6)	0.000^a	3.4 ± 4.5	\	\	\
Length of stay per admission (days)	12.0 ± 10.2	14.2 ± 11.5	−2.2 (−4.3 - -0.3)	0.003^a	28.1 ± 14.0	\	\	\
Readmission in 15 days (%)	3.9	3.5	0.6 (−2.8–3.9)	0.642^b	5.1	\	\	\
Hospital level: Primary (%)	0.4	0.0	\		0.0	\	\	\
Hospital level: Secondary (%)	21.3	5.6	6.9 (3.5–13.0)	0.000^b	0.0	\	\	\
Hospital level: Tertiary (%)	78.3	94.4	25.6 (22.2–29.3)	0.000^b	100.0	\	\	\

HD Haemodialysis, PD Peritoneal Dialysis, KT Kidney Transplantation
^ap-values were based on the independent two-sample T-test; ^bp-values were based on the two-proportion Z-test. A Bonferroni adjustment was applied: the adjusted alpha level was 0.0083 (alpha = 0.05/6) and 99.17% Confidence Intervals (CI) were presented

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