Table 1 Characteristics of studies

Absolom et al. [26]

2011

UK

Hospitals (n = 3)

Qual

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists and surgeons) (n = 12) and nurses (n = 11)

Various

“This study explores the views of cancer professionals regarding their current roles and responsibilities in the detection and management of ED, use of screening tools and access to expert psychological support”. (p.601)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Basch et al. [27]

2005

USA

Cancer Centre in hospital

Qual

Survey and team debriefing session

Gyne-cological

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 5) and nurses (n = 4)

CTCAE (selected items), ECOG, EuroQoL EQ-5D and free text space

“By measuring patient and staff use of this system, two distinct but interrelated issues may be addressed: the feasibility of patient symptom self-reporting, and the usefulness of the Internet as a medium for PRO collection”. (p.3553)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

U

Y

Y

Biddle et al. [28]

2016

UK

Centres (n = 2)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Radiographers (n = 5) and nurses (n = 2)

DT and Problem List

“This qualitative study aimed to understand how such tools are experienced by patients and clinicians in order to optimise use in the future” (p.59)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Brundage et al. [29]

2019

Canada

Cancer Centres (n = 4)

MM

Interviews

Prostate

Doctors (urologists and oncologists), and nurses (n = 31)

EPIC-CP and ESAS

“The specific study aims were to (1) evaluate the acceptability and usability of EPIC-CP through a patient ‘exit’ survey and (2) explore the clinicians’ acceptability of the EPIC-CP PRO data and use in clinical practice”. (p.772)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Carolan and Campbell [30]

2016

UK

Primary care

Qual (Phenomenological)

Interviews

Multiple

General practitioners (n = 7)

Various

“This study sought to explore GPs’ experiences of assessing psychological distress in cancer patients across the cancer trajectory, including their use of validated screening tools.” (p.392)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

U

Y

Y

Y

Y

Cox et al. [31]

2011

UK

Hospices (n = 3)

MM

Interviews

Lung

Health professionals (n = 13)

ESAS and EuroQoL EQ-5D

“This study had two aims: (1) to test and evaluate the support provided to patients by the computerized assessment tool (the HealthHUBTM); and (2) to determine the clinical acceptability of the technology in a palliative care setting. This paper will focus on the clinical acceptability of the tool and present the difficulties in evaluating the support the tool provided to patients”. (p.676)

y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

DuBenske et al. [32]

2008

USA

Cancer Centres (n = 5)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (n = 4) and nurses (n = 3)

ESAS, Karnofsky Performance Scale and additional items

“This study reports initial findings from implementation of the Clinician Report (CR)—a patient and caregiver status report tool accessible by the oncology clinic team”. (p.679)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Gamlen and Arber [33]

2013

UK

Community- based

Qual (Ethnographic)

Interviews and observations

Multiple

Nurses (n = 6)

Symptoms and Concerns Checklist

“The aim of the study is to explore how specialist cancer nurses carry out first assessments of patients in the community, their use of the Symptoms and Concerns Checklist (SCC) and their views on first assessments”. (p.797)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Girgis et al. [10]

2017

Australia

Hospitals (n = 2)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) n = (3), nurse (n = 1), and health services manager (n = 1)

DT, ESAS, Problem Checklist and SCNS-ST9

“The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of PROMPT-Care (Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Personalized Treatment and Care)”. (p.1)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Groff et al. [34]

2018

Canada

Cancer Clinics (n = 2)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 6), nurses (n = 7), and administrators (n = 3)

Canadian Problem Checklist and ESAS

“The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of an SFD program implemented in 2 separate oncology clinics 6 months following the conclusion of the implementation. This study also sought to shed light on the barriers and facilitators to the sustainability of SFD”. (p.142)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Handberg et al. [35]

2018

Denmark

Haematological wards in hospitals (n = 2) and primary Care settings (n = 2)

Qual (Interpretive Description, Ethnographic)

Semi-structured focus group interviews, observations, informal conversations and fieldnotes

Multiple

Nurses and allied health (n = 41)

Various

“The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe health professionals’ attitudes and perspectives on the complexities of cancer survivorship and rehabilitation needs assessment in a shared cancer care context”. (p.71)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Hubbard et al. [36]

2014

USA

Centre

MM

Survey

Multiple

Health professionals (n = 13 estimated)

SAQ

“We set out to determine the impact of PRO assessment on routine clinical practice”. (p.248)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

U

Y

Y

Jagsi et al. [37]

2013

USA

Sample from various from practice settings

Qual

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 17)

Various

“In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to investigate practicing oncologists’ perceptions of PROs, with a focus on identifying the critical features to ensure acceptance of the collection of PROs within the context of routine oncology clinical practice”. (p.290)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Javid et al. [38]

2017

USA

Sample from various from practice settings

Qual

Web conference discussion and stakeholder panel

Breast

Doctors (surgeons) (n = 12)

Breast-Q

“We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in order to better understand what HRQOL domains and processes of care define high quality surgical care for women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer from both the patient and clinician perspective”. (p.127)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

U

U

Y

Kallen, et al. [39]

2012

USA

Palliative Care Clinic

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (n = 4) and nurses (n = 5)

Various

“Our project’s specific aims were to: (1) define a PRO-based palliative/hospice care model for use in developing the prototype software and (2) evaluate the prototype software in terms of the system’s usability and usefulness”. (p.168)

Y

Y

Y

U

Y

N

U

U

Y

Y

Kendall et al. [40]

2013

UK

Primary care (n = 13)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Health Professionals (n = 29)

Cancer Ongoing Review Document

“This project aimed to assess the feasibility of early proactive follow-up in primary care using a structured template, from the perspective of patients with a new diagnosis of any cancer, their relatives and their primary care teams”. (p.303)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kettis-Lindblad et al. [41]

2007

Sweden

Hospitals (n = 2)

Qual (Interpretivist)

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (n = 6)

SEIQoL–DW and Disease-related SEIQoL-DW

“Overall, this study explored patients’ and oncologists’ perceptions of individualized QOL assessments—the SEIQoL Direct Weight (SEIQoL–DW) and the Disease-Related (DR) SEIQoL-DW—to support the consultation” (p.282)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Korzeniowski et al. [42]

2016

Canada

Cancer Centre

Qual

Interviews

Prostate

Doctors (oncologists and a resident) (n = 6) and nurses (n = 4)

EPIC-26

“The purpose of this study was to pilot-test the use of EPIC-26 in a clinical context in order to assess the acceptability and added value of measuring EPIC-26 scores in practice from clinician and patient perspectives”. (p.1983)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

U

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kotronoulas et al. [43]

2017

UK

Hospitals (n = 3)

MM

Group interview and interviews

Multiple

Nurses (n = 7)

Supportive Care Needs Survey

Thus, we aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the use of supportive care needs PROMs by colorectal cancer nurse specialists (CNS) in the delivery of supportive care to people with CRC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Maguire et al. [44]

2008

UK

Sites (n = 6)

MM

Interviews and semi-structured questionnaires

Multiple

Nurses (questionnaire pre- n = 28, post n = 22, and interviews, n = 10)

Symptom questionnaire ASyMS

“This paper focuses on one of the secondary aims of the study, which was to explore the perceptions of nurses who participated in the study and who used ASyMS& to manage chemotherapy-related toxicity in clinical practice”. (p.382)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Maguire et al. [45]

2015

UK

Clinical Centres (n = 5)

MM

Interviews and focus group

Lung

Health professionals (n = 13)

MSAS, Short Form and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist Activity Subscale (ASyMS)

“Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to develop and explore the feasibility and acceptability of the ASyMS in patients with lung cancer receiving radiotherapy (ASyMS-R) and with clinicians involved in their care. A secondary aim was to explore changes in PROMs during the implementation of ASyMS-R, which could eventually inform the design and primary endpoints of future randomized controlled trials”. (E38)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

McCarthy et al. [46]

2016

Australia

Oncology Centres in hospitals (n = 3)

MM

Interviews and focus groups

Paediatrics

Health professionals (interviews n = 26 and focus groups n = 32)

Psychosocial Assessment Tool

“Study aims were to (1) investigate the feasibility (acceptability, brevity, simplicity) of administering the PAT2.0 psychosocial screener to parents following their child’s cancer diagnosis and to (2) examine oncology health-care professionals’ (HCPs) perspectives on the feasibility (acceptability availability, value, relevance) of the PAT2.0 screening tool in their clinical setting”. (p.364)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Meldahl et al. [47]

2013

USA

Sample from various from practice settings

Qual

Focus groups

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 20)

Various

“Therefore, our objectives were: (1) to explore oncologists’ understanding and attitudes toward PRO measures, and (2) to understand the impact of PRO data on clinical decision-making”. (p.725)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

U

Y

Y

Y

Noble-Jones et al. [48]

2019

UK

Clinic

Qual

Interviews

Genito-urinary

Health professionals (lymphoedema and urology) (n = 5)

Lymphoedema Genitourinary Cancer Questionnaire

“However, the LGUCQ had not been formally evaluated in an urooncology department to identify the benefits (or not) from the perspective of the patients and health professionals (urology and lymphoedema). Including acceptability” (p.5)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Osborne et al. [49]

2014

UK

Organisations (n = 3) including, inpatient and outpatient and hospice settings

Qual

Interviews and focus group

Myeloma

Doctors, nurses and allied health (n = 6)

EORTC-QLQ-C30, MY24, POS, QOL q

“Aims of the present study are to (1) explore the issues important to QOL from the perspective of people with multiple myeloma, and (2) explore the views of patients and clinical staff on existing QOL questionnaires and their use in clinical practice”. (p.2)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Semple et al. [50]

2018

Northern Ireland

Clinic

MM

Interviews

Oral/ Oro-phryngeal

Doctors (n = 2) and a nurse

UWQOLv4, Patient Concern Inventory

“Test the feasibility of using a disease- specific HRQOL tool and holistic item prompt list, for personalised identification and prioritisation of post- treatment concerns and issues, on a touchscreen computer, to promote patient empowerment and enablement, during routine surgical post- treatment follow- up clinic for oral and oropharyngeal cancer”. (p.3)

Y

Y

Y

U

Y

N

Y

U

Y

Y

Snyder et al. [51]

2013

USA

Cancer Centre in hospital

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Clinicians (n = 12) including medical oncologists and nurse practitioners

PatientViewpoint: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System + BR23 or the EPIC short-form.

“After developing a prototype website and conducting usability testing, [8] we sought to conduct the initial pilot-test of PatientViewpoint in practice to assess its feasibility and value. We examined the web tool’s use, usefulness, and acceptability”. (p.2)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

U

Y

Y

Stover et al. [52]

2015

USA

Cancer Clinics (n = 3)

Qual

Questionnaires

Multiple

Doctors (n = 8) and nurse practitioners (n = 4)

Items from PRO-CTCAE and PROMIS and authors own

“Our primary objectives were the following: (1) solicit feedback from cancer clinicians and patients to develop a web-based screening system for securely administering and summarizing PRO measures for use during routine cancer care; and (2) pilot test the system during outpatient visits to evaluate cancer patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions of the acceptability and value of discussing PRO measures during clinical care”. (not provided)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

U

U

Y

Sundberg et al. [53]

2015

Sweden

Hospitals (n = 2)

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Nurses (n = 8)

A standardized symptom and QoL questionnaire

“The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of an interactive ICT-platform for smartphone use which collect and manage patient reported symptoms during radiotherapy for prostate cancer” (p.523)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Taylor et al. [54]

2017

UK

Community-based palliative care

Qual

Interviews

Multiple

Doctor (palliative care) (n = 4), nurses (n = 7) and general practitioners (n = 4)

“PainCheck”: an electronic pain monitoring system

“To inform the development and implementation strategy of an electronic pain monitoring system, PainCheck, by understanding palliative care professionals’ needs when integrating PainCheck into routine clinical practice”. (p.661)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

U

Y

Y

Y

Y

Thayssen et al. [55]

2016

Denmark

Primary care

Qual

Interviews

Multiple

General practitioners (n = 11)

Patient questionnaire: ‘DT and ‘Impact Thermometer’ and problem list

“To examine how GPs experience to involve a short questionnaire, completed by patients’ prior to a consultation, when addressing the patients’ problems and needs. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge concerning the use of questionnaires as part of clinical cancer care in general practice”. (p.114)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Thewes et al. [56]

2016

Australia

Cancer Centres (n = 2) and Cancer Clinics (n = 2)

Qual

Interviews

Multiple

Clinicians (n = 10) including nurses, social workers, indigenous health workers and allied health

SCNAT-IP Supportive care needs assessment tool for Indigenous People

“This study describes patient and staff attitudes towards the acceptability and feasibility of the SCNAT-IP in routine care. Additionally, this study aimed to identify refinements needed to prepare the SCNAT-IP for use in clinical settings”. (p.2)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Velikova et al. [57]

2002

UK

Clinic in Hospital

MM

Interviews

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 3)

EORTC QLQ-C30 + HADS

“This project was therefore undertaken to assess the feasibility of using computer-administered individual QL measurement in oncology clinics with immediate feedback of results to clinicians and to examine the impact of the QL information on the content of the medical consultations and on patient satisfaction with communication”. (p.52).

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

U

Y

Velikova et al. [58]

2008

UK

Hospitals (2)

Qual

Focus groups

Multiple

Doctors (oncologists) (n = 16)

EORTC QLQ-C30

“The aim of this qualitative study was to explore what doctors and patients expect and want from routine measurement of QOL in clinical practice. The second aim was to generate ideas and produce recommendations of how to improve the questionnaires specifically for use in clinical practice”. (p.691)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y