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Table 2 Results of fixed effects with both individual and time

From: Relationship between the number of hospital pharmacists and hospital pharmaceutical expenditure: a macro-level panel data model of fixed effects with individual and time

Variables

Model 1

(no control variables)

Model 2

(within control variables)

Parameters

OTPE

ITPE

OTPE

ITPE

β1

−0.0893 (0.036)**

−4.924 (1.31)***

−0.141 (0.048)***

−4.771 (1.05)***

β2

  

0.0183 (0.0047)***

0.109 (0.26)

β3

  

0.206 (0.070)***

9.636 (3.74)**

C

112.714

3916.778

77.944

2691.983

R2

0.987

0.978

0.988

0.978

N

248

248

248

248

F

432.63

239.10

424.83

232.93

Prob(F-statistic)

0

0

0

0

  1. NOTE: standard error is in the parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10