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Table 2 Negative binomial regression model: Association between length of stay, hospital type,a and other factorsb

From: Disparities in length of stay for hip fracture treatment between patients treated in safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals

 

Coefficient

Std. Error

p-value

95% CI

% change

Demographics

 Age (Referent: Age 70 years and over)

  0–17

− 0.54

−5.23

0.000

[− 0.74, − 0.34]

−41.7

  18–29

− 0.07

− 0.98

0.328

[− 0.22, 0.07]

−7.0

  30–49

− 0.06

− 1.65

0.100

[− 0.13, 0.01]

−5.6

  50–69

0.04

2.66

0.008

[0.01, 0.06]

3.7

 Gender (Referent: Male)

  Female

−0.06

−8.79

0.000

[−0.07, − 0.05]

−5.7

 Race (Referent: White)

  Black/African American

0.18

4.16

0.000

[0.1, 0.27]

20.0

  Other

0.04

1.66

0.097

[− 0.01, 0.09]

4.3

 Ethnicity (Referent: Non-Spanish/Hispanic)

  Spanish/Hispanic

0.04

0.97

0.332

[−0.04, 0.11]

3.6

  Multiple ethnicities

0.00

0.05

0.963

[−0.17, 0.18]

0.4

  Unknown

0.00

0.11

0.909

[−0.08, 0.09]

0.5

Clinical Indicator

 Type of admission (Referent: Otherc)

  Emergency, Trauma, Urgent

−0.47

−6.50

0.000

[−0.62, − 0.33]

−37.8

 APR-DRG severity of Illness (Referent: Minor)

  Moderate

0.10

12.56

0.000

[0.08, 0.12]

10.5

  Major

0.25

20.36

0.000

[0.23, 0.28]

28.6

  Extreme

0.74

26.93

0.000

[0.68, 0.79]

108.9

 APR-DRG risk of mortality (Referent: Minor)

  Moderate

0.12

13.79

0.000

[0.11, 0.14]

13.3

  Major

0.31

23.27

0.000

[0.28, 0.33]

36.2

  Extreme

0.49

19.73

0.000

[0.44, 0.54]

63.5

Hospital Indicators

 Safety-net hospital status (SNH) (Referent: No)

  Yes

0.11

2.93

0.003

[0.04, 0.18]

11.7

 Health insurance type (Referent: Commericald)

  Medicaid

0.22

8.34

0.000

[0.17, 0.27]

24.9

  Medicare

0.01

0.88

0.376

[−0.02, 0.05]

1.5

  Dual Eligible (Medicaid/Medicare)

0.03

1.11

0.266

[−0.02, 0.08]

2.9

  Self-pay

−0.04

−0.78

0.437

[−0.13, 0.06]

−3.7

  Other/unknowne

0.15

4.31

0.000

[0.08, 0.22]

16.3

 Disposition (Referent: Homef)

  Expired

−0.33

−9.09

0.000

[−0.4, − 0.26]

−27.8

  Inpatient rehabilitation facility

−0.04

−1.14

0.254

[−0.11, 0.03]

−3.9

  Nursing home/long term careg

0.02

0.28

0.782

[−0.13, 0.17]

2.1

  Skilled nursing facility

−0.01

−0.26

0.795

[−0.05, 0.04]

− 0.6

  Otherh

−0.26

−6.83

0.000

[−0.33, − 0.18]

−22.6

N

48,948

    
  1. Note. a. hospital type includes safety-net hospitals and non-safety-net hospitals where safety-net hospitals were defined as hospitals with a payer mix consisting of at least 30% of Medicaid and uninsured payers. b. illustrated statistics are coefficients and percent change amounts calculated through negative binomial regression models; the sample consisted of hip fracture patients from the SPARCS database with full covariate information; standard errors and 95% confidence intervals for the coefficients are also reported. c. other admission types include: elective, newborn, and not available. d. commercial insurance includes: Blue Cross/Blue Shield; managed care, unspecific; and private health insurance. e. other insurance in: Department of Corrections; federal/state/local/VA; other/miscellaneous; and unknown. f. patient discharged to: home or self-care; home with home health service; hospice (home); or left against medical advice. g. Medicaid Certified Nursing Home; Medicare Certified Long Term Care facility. h. patient discharged to: another facility not listed; cancer center or children’s hospital; court/law enforcement; critical access hospital; facility with custodial/supportive care; federal health care facility; hospital-based Medicare approved swing bed; hospice-medical facility; psychiatric hospital; short-term hospital