Perceived barriers to seeking cancer care in the Gaza Strip: a cross-sectional study

Elshami, Mohamedraed; Bottcher, Bettina; Alkhatib, Mohammed; Ismail, Iyad; Abu-Nemer, Khitam; Hana, Mustafa; Qandeel, Ahmed; Abdelwahed, Ahmed; Yazji, Hamza; Abuamro, Hisham; Matar, Ghadeer; Alsahhar, Ahmed; Abolamzi, Ahmed; Baraka, Obay; Elblbessy, Mahmood; Samra, Tahani; Alshorbassi, Nabeela; Elshami, Alaa

doi:10.1186/s12913-020-06044-1

BMC Health Services Research

Table 5 The association of overall recall/recognition scores for cancer risk factors with reporting barriers to seek medical advice for cancer

From: Perceived barriers to seeking cancer care in the Gaza Strip: a cross-sectional study

Type of barrier	Barrier	Overall recall score				Overall recognition score
Type of barrier	Barrier	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value	^aAdjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value	^aAdjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value
Emotional	Embarrassment (n= 2769)	0.89 (0.82–0.98)	0.015	0.89 (0.82–0.89)	0.013	0.95 (0.90–0.99)	0.016	0.95 (0.91–0.99)	0.035
	Feeling scared (n= 2753)	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.64	0.97 (0.89–1.06)	0.51	0.94 (0.90–0.98)	0.005	0.94 (0.90–0.99)	0.010
	Wouldn’t feel confident talking about symptom with doctor (n= 2652)	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	0.14	0.93 (0.85–1.02)	0.12	0.96 (0.91–1.00)	0.07	0.99 (0.94–1.03)	0.56
	Feeling worried about what a doctor might find (n= 2657)	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.68	0.97 (0.88–1.06)	0.47	0.97 (0.93–1.02)	0.24	0.99 (0.95–1.05)	0.91
Service	Feeling worried about wasting doctor’s time (n= 2673)	0.92 (0.83–1.03)	0.15	0.93 (0.83–1.04)	0.18	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.49	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.59
	Difficulty talking to doctor (n= 2647)	0.95 (0.85–1.05)	0.31	0.96 (0.86–1.07)	0.46	0.99 (0.95–1.05)	0.91	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.49
	Difficulty making an appointment with the doctor (n= 2667)	0.91 (0.83–1.00)	0.06	0.91 (0.83–1.00)	0.06	1.02 (0.97–1.07)	0.37	1.05 (0.99–1.10)	0.07
Practical	Busy to go to the doctor (n= 2685)	0.88 (0.80–0.97)	0.009	0.88 (0.80–0.97)	0.008	0.97 (0.92–1.01)	0.16	0.99 (0.94–1.04)	0.64
	Having other things to do (n= 2655)	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.005	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.005	0.96 (0.92–1.01)	0.12	0.97 (0.92–1.02)	0.22
	Difficulty arranging transports to the doctor (n= 2676)	0.84 (0.76–0.92)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.76–0.92)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.94–1.04)	0.68	0.99 (0.94–1.03)	0.56

n number of participants tested, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
Notes
^aAdjusted for age and gender
To overcome the non-linear relationships, the ‘I do not know’ category of each barrier was dropped for easier interpretation
p-values in bold are less than 0.05

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