Out-of-pocket costs and time spent attending antenatal care services: a case study of pregnant women in selected rural communities in Zinder, Niger

Table 3 Timing of ANC attendance compared to 2002 WHO recommendation of 4 ANC visits per pregnancy ^{a, b, c}

ANC attendance compared to WHO recommendation^d	ANC attendance scoring criterion	First trimester	Second trimester	First half of third trimester	Second half of third trimester
Attended	1	68 (4.0%)	1127 (65.8%)	487 (28.4%)	14 (0.8%)
Failed to attend	-1	1644 (95.9%)	348 (20.3%)	76 (4.4%)	6 (0.4%)
Not applicable^e	0	2 (0.1%)	239 (13.9%)	1151 (67.1%)	1694 (98.8%)

^aANC Antenatal care; WHO World Health Organization
^bSample size: n = 1714;
^cTrimesters were defined as: first trimester, ≤13 weeks; second trimester: > 13 weeks to 27 weeks; first half of third trimester: > 27 weeks day to 34 weeks; and second half of third trimester: > 34 weeks;
^dUntil 2016, WHO recommended at least four ANC visits for uncomplicated pregnancies with the first ANC visit occurring before the 12^th week of gestation, the second around 26 weeks, the third around 32 weeks and the fourth visit between 36 and 38 of gestation;
^eNot applicable because women had not yet completed respective trimester period

ISSN: 1472-6963