Table 3 Outcomes – Unadjusted separate and adjusted multiple models
From: Community care coordination for stroke survivors: results of a complex intervention study
Utilization of outpatient specialist services: Mixed effects logistic regression (n = 361 individuals / 91 matched groups) | ||||
| Â | Unadjusted separate models | Adjusted multiple model | ||
| Â | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Intervention (ref.: controls) | 4.02 (2.35–6.86) | < 0.001 | 4.75 (2.71–8.31) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.004 | 0.97 (0.94–0.996) | 0.020 |
Female Sex (ref.: males) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.191 | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 0.560 |
Pre-stroke Care Dependency | 0.58 (0.36–0.94) | 0.026 | 0.78 (0.39–1.37) | 0.389 |
Stroke Type | ||||
 - Ischemia (Ref.) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 - Hemorrhage | 1.32 (0.65–2.68) | 0.446 | 1.33 (0.67–1.01) | 0.464 |
 - TIA | 0.79 (0.29–2.11) | 0.638 | 0.67 (0.23–1.96) | 0.469 |
 - non-specified | 1.24 (0.39–4.00) | 0.715 | 1.01 (0.29–3.60) | 0.983 |
 Number of comorbidities | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) | 0.002 | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 0.001 |
Recurrent strokes: Mixed effects Poisson regression (n = 361 individuals / 91 matched groups) | ||||
| Â | Unadjusted separate models | Adjusted multiple model | Â | |
| Â | IRR (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
 Intervention (ref.: controls) | 0.78 (0.39–1.57) | 0.491 | 0.76 (0.38–1.54) | 0.451 |
 Age (years) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.757 | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.301 |
 Female Sex (ref.: males) | 0.51 (0.27–0.94) | 0.031 | 0.49 (0.26–0.93) | 0.028 |
 Pre-stroke Care Dependency | 0.70 (0.33–1.48) | 0.349 | 0.67 (0.31–1.44) | 0.309 |
Stroke Type | ||||
 - Ischemia (Ref.) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 - Hemorrhage | 1.32 (0.54–3.20) | 0.541 | 1.23 (0.52–2.90) | 0.636 |
 - TIA | 0.39 (0.05–2.92) | 0.362 | 0.36 (0.05–2.6) | 0.308 |
 - non-specified | 1.82 (0.53–6.16) | 0.339 | 1.31 (0.40–4.34) | 0.664 |
Number of comorbidities | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 0.973 | 1.03 (0.86–1.23) | 0.743 |
 Hospital readmissions: Mixed effects negative binomial regression (n = 361 individuals / 91 matched groups) | ||||
| Â | Unadjusted separate models | Adjusted multiple model | Â | |
| Â | IRR (95% CI) | p-value | IRR (95% CI) | p-value |
Intervention (ref.: controls) | 0.45 (0.31–0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.42 (0.29–0.61) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.109 |  | 0.181 |
Female Sex (ref.: males) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.940 | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 0.452 |
Pre-stroke Care Dependency | 1.62 (1.17–2.25) | 0.004 | 1.38 (0.98–1.94) | 0.062 |
Stroke Type | ||||
 - Ischemia (Ref.) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 - Hemorrhage | 1.03 (0.62–1.69) | 0.916 | 1.10 (0.68–1.79) | 0.703 |
 - TIA | 0.96 (0.49–1.85) | 0.899 | 1.00 (0.53–1.89) | 1.000 |
 - non-specified | 0.67 (0.28–1.64) | 0.382 | 0.69 (0.29–1.66) | 0.407 |
 Number of comorbidities | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.010 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.012 |
Mortality: Frailty survival model (n = 361 individuals / 91 matched groups, 38 events) | ||||
| Â | Unadjusted separate models | Adjusted multiple model | Â | |
| Â | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Intervention (ref.: controls) | 0.74 (0.32–1.68) | 0.57 | 0.65 (0.28–1.49 | 0.386 |
Age (years) | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.05–1.16) | < 0.001 |
Female Sex (ref.: males) | 0.99 (0.46–2.10) | 0.970 | 0.56 (0.26–1.23) | 0.150 |
Pre-stroke Care Dependency | 2.93 (1.38–6.24) | 0.005 | 1.54 (0.68–3.506) | 0.300 |
Stroke Type | ||||
 - Ischemia (Ref.) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 - Hemorrhage | 1.32 (0.42–4.13) | 0.630 | 1.37 (0.46–4.11) | 0.570 |
 - TIA | / | / | / | / |
 - non-specified | 0.76 (0.08–7.39) | 0.810 | 1.23 (0.97–11.60) | 0.860 |
Number of comorbidities | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.028 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 0.093 |
Hospital readmission costs: Linear mixed model (n = 361 individuals / 91 matched groups) | ||||
| Â | Unadjusted separate models | Adjusted multiple model | Â | |
|  | β (95 % CI) | p-value | β (95 % CI) | p-value |
constant | – |  | 5.50 (4.66–6.34) | < 0.001 |
Intervention (ref.: controls) | −0.34 (−0.54 - -0.14) | 0.001 | −0.37 (−0.57 - -0.18) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 0.01 (0.001–0.02) | 0.024 | 0.01 (− 0.002–0.02) | 0.131 |
Female Sex (ref.: males) | −0.06 (− 0.24–0.11) | 0.480 | −0.12 (− 0.30–0.05) | 0.158 |
Pre-stroke Care Dependency | – |  | 0.28 (0.07–0.49) | 0.009 |
Stroke Type | ||||
 - Ischemia (Ref.) |  |  |  |  |
 - Hemorrhage | 0.20 (−0.10–0.51) | 0.185 | 0.24 (− 0.06–0.53) | 0.115 |
 - TIA | − 0.05 (− 0.46–0.36) | 0.802 | 0.03 (− 0.37–0.43) | 0.885 |
 - non-specified | −0.01 (− 0.50–0.50) | 0.980 | 0.04 (− 0.45–0.53) | 0.874 |
 Number of comorbidities | 0.07 (0.02–0.12) | 0.012 | 0.06 (0.01–0.12) | 0.005 |
Models with log-transformed costs as dependent variable | ||||