An empirical application of “broken windows” and related theories in healthcare: examining disorder, patient safety, staff outcomes, and collective efficacy in hospitals

Table 3 CFA results for reduced two factor models of disorder and collective efficacy

Construct	Item	Factor loadings	Coefficient alpha	Composite reliability
Model 1: Disorder
Physical disorder	PD1	.90	.84	.80
	PD2	.71
	PD7	.81
Social disorder	SD4	.84	.86	.86
	SD5	.82
	SD6	.80
Model 2: Collective efficacy
Social cohesion	SC1	.87	.91	.90
	SC2	.88
	SC3	.90
	SC5	.81
Willingness to intervene	WI6	.68	.85	.83
	WI8	.82
	WI9	.83
	WI10	.77

ISSN: 1472-6963