Table 1 Characteristics of participants, by Light Touch / Intensive groups and survey round
Baseline | Endline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light-Touch | Intensive | Total | p | Light-Touch | Intensive | Total | p | |
Total number in group | 300 | 285 | 585 | 300 | 300 | 600 | ||
Age (%) | ||||||||
18–19 years | 8 (2.7%) | 6 (2.1%) | 14 (2.4%) | 0.647 | 3 (1.0%) | 6 (2.0%) | 9 (1.5%) | 0.524 |
20–29 years | 254 (84.7%) | 236 (82.8%) | 490 (83.8%) | 258 (86.0%) | 251 (83.7%) | 509 (84.8%) | ||
30–45 years | 38 (12.7%) | 43 (15.1%) | 81 (13.8%) | 39 (13.0%) | 43 (14.3%) | 82 (13.7%) | ||
Number of births (%) | ||||||||
1 | 124 (41.3%) | 105 (36.8%) | 229 (39.1%) | 0.022 | 92 (30.7%) | 122 (40.7%) | 214 (35.7%) | 0.012 |
2 | 98 (32.7%) | 95 (33.3%) | 193 (33.0%) | 110 (36.7%) | 79 (26.3%) | 189 (31.5%) | ||
3 | 53 (17.7%) | 39 (13.7%) | 92 (15.7%) | 65 (21.7%) | 57 (19.0%) | 122 (20.3%) | ||
4 or more | 25 (8.3%) | 46 (16.1%) | 71 (12.1%) | 33 (11.0%) | 42 (14.0%) | 75 (12.5%) | ||
Wealth Quintiles (%) | ||||||||
Poorest | 43 (14.3%) | 141 (49.5%) | 184 (31.5%) | < 0.001 | 32 (10.7%) | 54 (18.0%) | 86 (14.3%) | < 0.001 |
Poorer | 65 (21.7%) | 47 (16.5%) | 112 (19.1%) | 38 (12.7%) | 53 (17.7%) | 91 (15.2%) | ||
Middle | 57 (19.0%) | 36 (12.6%) | 93 (15.9%) | 55 (18.3%) | 81 (27.0%) | 136 (22.7%) | ||
Richer | 56 (18.7%) | 32 (11.2%) | 88 (15.0%) | 76 (25.3%) | 59 (19.7%) | 135 (22.5%) | ||
Richest | 79 (26.3%) | 29 (10.2%) | 108 (18.5%) | 99 (33.0%) | 53 (17.7%) | 152 (25.3%) | ||
Religion (%) | ||||||||
Hindu | 284 (94.7%) | 262 (91.9%) | 546 (93.3%) | 0.203 | 281 (93.7%) | 275 (91.7%) | 556 (92.7%) | 0.347 |
Muslim/Other | 16 (5.3%) | 23 (8.1%) | 39 (6.7%) | 19 (6.3%) | 25 (8.3%) | 44 (7.3%) | ||
Caste (%) | ||||||||
Scheduled Caste | 128 (42.7%) | 147 (51.6%) | 275 (47.0%) | < 0.001 | 139 (46.3%) | 151 (50.3%) | 290 (48.3%) | 0.339 |
Scheduled Tribe | 1 (0.3%) | 7 (2.5%) | 8 (1.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 5 (1.7%) | 7 (1.2%) | ||
General Caste | 48 (16.0%) | 75 (26.3%) | 123 (21.0%) | 39 (13.0%) | 29 (9.7%) | 68 (11.3%) | ||
OBC | 123 (41.0%) | 56 (19.6%) | 179 (30.6%) | 120 (40.0%) | 115 (38.3%) | 235 (39.2%) | ||
Literate (%) | ||||||||
No | 34 (11.3%) | 88 (30.9%) | 122 (20.9%) | < 0.001 | 23 (7.7%) | 60 (20.0%) | 83 (13.8%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 266 (88.7%) | 197 (69.1%) | 463 (79.1%) | 277 (92.3%) | 240 (80.0%) | 517 (86.2%) | ||
Highest grade/class completed (%) | ||||||||
No education | 39 (13.0%) | 88 (30.9%) | 127 (21.7%) | < 0.001 | 30 (10.0%) | 61 (20.3%) | 91 (15.2%) | < 0.001 |
Primary or post-primary | 112 (37.3%) | 117 (41.1%) | 229 (39.1%) | 136 (45.3%) | 151 (50.3%) | 287 (47.8%) | ||
Secondary or higher | 149 (49.7%) | 80 (28.1%) | 229 (39.1%) | 134 (44.7%) | 88 (29.3%) | 222 (37.0%) | ||
Number ANC visits (%) | ||||||||
No ANC | 1 (0.3%) | 8 (2.8%) | 9 (1.5%) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 |
Less than 4 | 98 (32.%) | 185 (64.9%) | 283 (48.4%) | 107 (35.7%) | 97 (32.3%) | 204 (34.0%) | ||
4 or 5 | 96 (32.0%) | 64 (22.5%) | 160 (27.4%) | 146 (48.7%) | 66 (22.0%) | 212 (35.3%) | ||
6 plus | 105 (35.0%) | 28 (9.8%) | 133 (22.7%) | 47 (15.7%) | 137 (45.7%) | 184 (30.7%) | ||
Problems during pregnancy | ||||||||
No | 184 (61.3%) | 84 (29.5%) | 268 (45.8%) | < 0.001 | 209 (69.7%) | 212 (70.7%) | 421 (70.2%) | 0.789 |
Yes | 116 (38.7%) | 201 (70.5%) | 317 (54.2%) | 91 (30.3%) | 88 (29.3%) | 179 (29.8%) | ||
Facility Type (%) | ||||||||
Gov’t Health Center | 200 (66.7%) | 193 (67.7%) | 393 (67.2%) | 0.786 | 200 (66.7%) | 200 (66.7%) | 400 (66.7%) | 1.000 |
Gov’t Hospital | 100 (33.3%) | 92 (32.3%) | 192 (32.8%) | 100 (33.3%) | 100 (33.3%) | 200 (33.3%) | ||
Delivery Assistant (%) | ||||||||
Nurse/Doctor | 112 (37.%) | 35 (12.3%) | 147 (25.1%) | < 0.001 | 11 (3.7%) | 83 (27.7%) | 94 (15.7%) | < 0.001 |
Midwife/Dai | 153 (51.0%) | 31 (10.9%) | 184 (31.5%) | 18 (6.0%) | 216 (72.0%) | 234 (39.0%) | ||
ASHA/Angawali | 32 (10.7%) | 13 (4.6%) | 45 (7.7%) | 191 (63.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 192 (32.0%) | ||
Other/Non-skilled attendant | 3 (1.0%) | 206 (72.3%) | 209 (35.7%) | 80 (26.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 80 (13.3%) | ||
Gender of delivery (%) assistant | ||||||||
Male | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.329 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.317 |
Female | 299 (99.7%) | 285 (100.0%) | 584 (99.8%) | 300 (100.0%) | 299 (99.7%) | 599 (99.8%) | ||