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Table 1 Risk of bias as assessed by the ROBINS-I tool

From: Education of medical personnel optimizes filling volume of blood culture bottles without negatively affecting microbiology testing

Bias

Risk

Explanation

Confounding

Moderate

No control group; even though unlikely, the effect observed could occur without educational intervention

Selection of study participants

Moderate

Approximately 75% of possible participants received the educational intervention; effect could have been even larger when all health care professionals had received the educational intervention

Classification of interventions

Low

No co-interventions; intervention status is well defined and intervention definition is based solely on information collected at the time of intervention

Deviations from intended interventions

Low

No deviations from intended interventions and no co-interventions

Missing data

Low

Data are reasonably complete

Measurement of outcomes

Low

Outcome measures (filling volume of blood culture bottles and microbiology testing) are objective

Selection of the reported results

Low

Data are reported as planned