Bias | Risk | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Confounding | Moderate | No control group; even though unlikely, the effect observed could occur without educational intervention |
Selection of study participants | Moderate | Approximately 75% of possible participants received the educational intervention; effect could have been even larger when all health care professionals had received the educational intervention |
Classification of interventions | Low | No co-interventions; intervention status is well defined and intervention definition is based solely on information collected at the time of intervention |
Deviations from intended interventions | Low | No deviations from intended interventions and no co-interventions |
Missing data | Low | Data are reasonably complete |
Measurement of outcomes | Low | Outcome measures (filling volume of blood culture bottles and microbiology testing) are objective |
Selection of the reported results | Low | Data are reported as planned |