Table 2 Differential Changes in Health Care Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Medical Spending by the Medical Aid Type I and II Panels
Health Care Utilization | Mean (SE) | Adjusted Difference-in-Differences Estimates, % (95% CI)b | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case Groupa | Control Groupa | |||||||
Before Shifting Period | After Shifting Period | Unadjusted Difference | Before Shifting Period | After Shifting Period | Unadjusted Difference | |||
Medical Aid Type I Panel | ||||||||
1 year before and after (Model 1) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 25.7 (2.8) | 34.6 (2.9) | 8.9 | 28.4 (1.6) | 28.0 (1.7) | −0.4 | 31.8 (4.2 to 66.8) | 0.021 |
Length of Stay/per person | 8.5 (1.5) | 6.9 (1.6) | −1.6 | 3.3 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.9) | 2.2 | −40.7 (−72.6 to 28.1) | 0.184 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 1402.9 (157.9) | 1272.9 (163.0) | − 130.0 | 1527.0 (91.2) | 1803.3 (94.1) | 276.3 | −20.2 (− 38.7 to 3.7) | 0.092 |
2 years before and after (Model 2) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 24.2 (2.1) | 33.0 (2.2) | 8.8 | 26.2 (1.2) | 28.5 (1.3) | 2.3 | 22.3 (1.7 to 47.0) | 0.032 |
Length of Stay/per person | 6.2 (1.2) | 5.8 (1.2) | −0.4 | 3.9 (0.7) | 5.6 (0.7) | 1.7 | −20.4 (−57.6 to 49.2) | 0.476 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 1423.7 (128.5) | 1219.7 (135.9) | − 204.0 | 1574.4 (74.2) | 1778.4 (78.5) | 204.0 | −15.7 (−32.3 to 4.6) | 0.120 |
3 years before and after (Model 3) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 22.7 (1.9) | 32.1 (2.0) | 9.4 | 25.9 (1.1) | 29.5 (1.1) | 3.6 | 18.8 (0.5 to 40.5) | 0.044 |
Length of Stay/per person | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.1) | −0.4 | 4.4 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.7) | 1.2 | −7.2 (−47.3 to 63.4) | 0.795 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 1500.5 (116.2) | 1151.8 (122.6) | − 348.7 | 1621.6 (67.1) | 1751.4 (70.8) | 129.8 | −23.2 (−36.9 to −6.5) | 0.009 |
Medical Aid Type II Panel | ||||||||
1 year before and after (Model 1) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 22.6 (4.1) | 32.0 (4.2) | 9.4 | 16.3 (2.4) | 18.5 (2.4) | 2.2 | 38.9 (−11.3 to 84.0) | 0.151 |
Length of Stay/per person | 4.4 (2.5) | 5.7 (2.6) | 1.3 | 2.9 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.5) | 0.4 | 61.7 (−80.5 to 1330.4) | 0.656 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 880.0 (233.9) | 816.4 (237.9) | −63.6 | 1246.8 (135.0) | 1605.2 (137.3) | 358.4 | −31.8 (−57.4 to 9.3) | 0.112 |
2 years before and after (Model 2) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 24.3 (3.3) | 27.7 (3.6) | 3.4 | 16.8 (1.9) | 17.3 (2.1) | 0.5 | 25.0 (−15.0 to 84.0) | 0.257 |
Length of Stay/per person | 3.0 (1.9) | 4.7 (2.1) | 1.7 | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | 0.1 | 48.2 (−80.5 to 1124.0) | 0.704 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 711.5 (190.1) | 728.1 (211.4) | 16.6 | 1278.1 (109.8) | 1676.4 (122.0) | 398.3 | −22.7 (−48.8 to 16.5) | 0.219 |
3 years before and after (Model 3) | ||||||||
Outpatient Visit/per person | 24.3 (2.8) | 26.1 (3.3) | 1.8 | 16.6 (1.6) | 16.2 (1.9) | −0.4 | 38.6 (−2.7 to 97.6) | 0.071 |
Length of Stay/per person | 2.5 (1.5) | 4.4 (1.8) | 1.9 | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.2 | 221.1 (−66.8 to 1471.3) | 0.412 |
Out-of-pocket medical spending, $/per personc | 668.6 (166.0) | 656.1 (196.2) | −12.5 | 1321.1 (95.8) | 1641.6 (113.3) | 320.5 | −23.9 (−47.7 to 10.8) | 0.154 |