Variables | Odds Ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General | 1991 | 1998 | 2004 | 2011 | |
Bio-demographic characteristics | |||||
Vaccination card | |||||
No card (ref) | |||||
Card | 7.576 (0.473)*** | 56.914 (29.075)*** | 32.383 (12.912)*** | 8.738 (0.967)*** | 5.639 (0.467)*** |
Gender of the child | |||||
Male (ref) | |||||
Female | 1.023 (0.039) | 1.056 (0.131) | 0.867 (0.123) | 1.057 (0.072) | 1.016 (0.056) |
Child’s birth order | |||||
Order 1 (ref) | |||||
Order 2 | 0.961 (0.064) | 1.016 (0.243) | 0.761 (0.180) | 0.869 (0.101) | 1.009 (0.095) |
Order 3 | 0.844 (0,063) ** | 0.844 (0.224) | 0.670 (0.183) | 0.761 (0,100) ** | 0.889 (0.093) |
Order 4 | 0.739 (0.061)*** | 0.695 (0.197) | 0.850 (0.264) | 0.670 (0.099)*** | 0.725 (0.085)*** |
Order 5 | 0.653 (0.060)*** | 0.637 (0.198) | 0.776 (0.255) | 0.621 (0.102)*** | 0.627 (0.082)*** |
Order 6 | 0.608 (0.063)*** | 0.651 (0.213) | 0.667 (0.262) | 0.566 (0.106)*** | 0.609 (0.089)*** |
Order 7 and beyond | 0.557 (0.056)*** | 0.614 (0.202) | 0.534 (0,202) * | 0.406 (0.074)*** | 0.639 (0.093)*** |
Birth weight | |||||
Other (ref) | |||||
Low | 1.041 (0.078) | 1.326 (0.330) | 1.457 (0.419) | 0.956 (0.125) | 1.020 (0.108) |
Mother’s characteristics | |||||
Mother’s age | |||||
15–19 (ref) | |||||
20–24 | 1.435 (0.132)*** | 1.198 (0.377) | 2.245 (0.664)*** | 1.169 (0.192) | 1.575 (0.209)*** |
25–29 | 1.970 (0.196)*** | 1.961 (0.682) * | 2.502 (0.835)*** | 1.647 (0.294)*** | 2.131 (0.301)*** |
30–34 | 2.458 (0.269)*** | 1.507 (0.560) | 3.634 (1.391)*** | 1.874 (0.368)*** | 3.123 (0.487)*** |
35–39 | 2.809 (0.340)*** | 2.703 (1.112) ** | 3.624 (1.577)*** | 2.077 (0.457)*** | 3.392 (0.577)*** |
40–49 | 2.936 (0.389)*** | 2.703 (1.192) ** | 3.225 (1.596) ** | 3.469 (0.835)*** | 2.835 (0.528)*** |
Religion | |||||
Traditional Christian (ref) | |||||
Reformist religion | 0.716 (0.038)*** | 0.900 (0.154) | 0.577 (0.130) ** | 0.794 (0.077) ** | 0.687 (0.050)*** |
No religion | 1.160 (0.091) * | – | 1.665 (0.483) * | 1.346 (0.163) ** | 0.838 (0.095) |
Level of education | |||||
No level (ref) | |||||
Primary | 1.347 (0.076)*** | 2.082 (0.363)*** | 1.208 (0.266) | 1.432 (0.144)*** | 1.246 (0.102)*** |
Secondary | 1.426 (0.098)*** | 2.413 (0.548)*** | 1.571 (0.404) * | 1.647 (0.205)*** | 1.251 (0.123) ** |
Higher education | 1.905 (0.336)*** | 4.126 (3.373) * | 1.693 (1.567) | 2.858 (1.102)*** | 1.649 (0.357) ** |
Marital status | |||||
In a relationship (ref) | |||||
Not in a relationship | 0.915 (0.055) | 0.627 (0.126) ** | 0.935 (0.184) | 0.741 (0.083)*** | 1.119 (0.096) |
Media exposure | |||||
Not exposed (ref) | |||||
Limited exposure | 1.006 (0.052) | 0.914 (0.148) | 0.907 (0.162) | 0.779 (0.070)*** | 1.214 (0.092) ** |
High exposure | 1.156 (0.063)*** | 1.405 (0.259) * | 1.407 (0.299) | 0.823 (0.081) ** | 1.334 (0.102)*** |
Mother’s occupation | |||||
Self-employed (ref) | |||||
For the family | 1.007 (0.069) | 1.036 (0.211) | 0.524 (0.203) * | 1.190 (0.133) | 0.970 (0.103) |
For others | 0.938 (0.072) | 1.086 (0.264) | 0.956 (0.307) | 0.913 (0.130) | 0.848 (0.089) |
Prenatal visits | |||||
No follow-up (ref) | |||||
Incomplete follow-up | 1.362 (0.121)*** | 1.335 (0.292) | 0.983 (0.268) | 1.110 (0.182) | 1.569 (0.225)*** |
Complete follow-up | 2.020 (0.159)*** | 1.745 (0.351)*** | 1.215 (0.304) | 1.712 (0.243)*** | 2.363 (0.304)*** |
Characteristics of the household | |||||
Place of residence | |||||
Urban (ref) | |||||
Rural | 0.936 (0.042) | 0.491 (0.068)*** | 0.873 (0.142) | 1.026 (0.081) | 1.027 (0.067) |
Household size | 0.589 (0.058)*** | 0.723 (0.223) | 1.150 (0.461) | 0.711 (0.128) * | 0.479 (0.065)*** |
Period | |||||
1991 (ref) | |||||
1998 | 0.935 (0.083) | ||||
2004 | 1.122 (0.077) * | ||||
2011 | 1.601 (0.105)*** | ||||
Constant | 0.123 (0.031)*** | 0.013 (0.012)*** | 0.010 (0.010)*** | 0.133 (0.058)*** | 0.273 (0.092)*** |
Log likelihood | − 7895.862 | − 780.704 | − 595.435 | − 2512.031 | − 3878.620 |
Number of observations | 13.632 | 1.677 | 1.119 | 4.278 | 6.558 |
LR chi2 | 3100.32 *** | 644.98 *** | 301.77 *** | 872.35 *** | 1237.22 *** |
Pseudo R2 | 0.164 | 0.292 | 0.202 | 0.148 | 0.138 |