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Table 7 The effect of changes in distance to nearest health facility on maternal health care utilization

From: The effects of changes in distance to nearest health facility on under-5 mortality and health care utilization in rural Malawi, 1980–1998

Variables

(1) Homebirth

(2) Antenatal

(3) Assistance

(4) Health check

Distance (km)

0.002 (−0.022–0.025)

0.024 (−0.023–0.071)

−0.005 (−0.027–0.017)

0.024** (0.004–0.044)

First birth

−0.054** (−0.094 - -0.013)

− 0.021 (− 0.100–0.058)

0.057*** (0.016–0.097)

− 0.005 (−0.041–0.031)

Twin

−0.067** (−0.132 - -0.003)

− 0.033 (− 0.166–0.100)

0.065** (0.000–0.130)

− 0.104*** (−0.166 - -0.041)

Mother under 19

0.025 (−0.018–0.068)

0.019 (−0.060–0.098)

−0.027 (−0.070–0.016)

−0.004 (−0.041–0.033)

Mother over 35

−0.016 (−0.055–0.022)

0.017 (−0.038–0.073)

0.011 (−0.028–0.049)

−0.009 (−0.040–0.023)

Mother primary ed.

−0.063*** (−0.094 - -0.032)

0.074*** (0.024–0.124)

0.066*** (0.035–0.096)

0.033** (0.007–0.058)

Mother secondary ed.

−0.223*** (−0.320 - -0.127)

0.166** (0.023–0.308)

0.224*** (0.127–0.320)

−0.052 (−0.175–0.071)

Constant

0.444*** (0.305–0.583)

0.375** (0.086–0.663)

0.583*** (0.448–0.719)

−0.065 (−0.191–0.061)

Children

4889

2333

4926

2333

Villages

449

445

449

409

R-squared

0.280

0.240

0.274

0.247

  1. **p < 0.05
  2. ***p < 0.01
  3. Notes: Coefficients from linear probability models with fixed effects for village (n in table) and year (n = 4)