Table 4 Parameter estimates (gammas) for effects of market structure and control variables on duplicated and differentiated services (n = 11,264)

 Geographic distance

+

0.025 ^c

–

0.010

 Size asymmetry

–

−0.666 ^c

+

0.650 ^c

 Market competition

–

−0.045 ^c

+

0.010

 Population density

+

−0.015

+

0.051 ^c

 Community munificence

+

0.116 ^c

+

−0.042 ^c

 Specialists

+

−0.072 ^c

+

0.019 ^a

 Managed care

+

−0.230 ^c

+

0.034 ^c

0.018 ^c

0.180 ^b

0.137 ^c

0.273 ^c