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Table 4 Multivariate-adjusted coefficients and 95% CIs for length of hospital stay with macro-level variance

From: An analysis of equity in treatment of hip fractures for older patients with dementia in acute care hospitals: observational study using nationwide hospital claims data in Japan

N = 214,601

model 1 (all patients, N = 214,601)

model 2 (surgery only, N = 159,173)

model 3 (non-surgery only, N = 55,428)

 

coef.

95% C.I.

P value

coef.

95% C.I.

P value

coef.

95% C.I.

P value

Compositional factor

 Sex

  Male (reference)

            

  Female

−0.23

−0.44

− 0.02

0.04

− 0.60

− 0.77

− 0.44

< 0.001

0.31

− 0.34

0.96

0.35

 Age Group

  65–79 (ref.)

            

  80–89

1.52

1.31

1.74

< 0.001

1.16

1.00

1.33

< 0.001

2.17

1.49

2.86

< 0.001

  Over 90

0.85

0.58

1.11

< 0.001

0.92

0.72

1.13

< 0.001

1.32

0.52

2.12

< 0.001

 Dementia Levela

  No dementia (ref.)

            

  Dementia level 1

0.67

0.44

0.89

< 0.001

0.21

0.04

0.39

0.02

1.96

1.28

2.63

< 0.001

  Dementia level 2

−1.70

−1.96

− 1.44

< 0.001

−1.50

− 1.70

− 1.30

< 0.001

−0.56

− 1.34

0.22

0.16

 Fx. Type

  Femoral neck (ref.)

            

  Trochanteric

0.24

0.06

0.42

0.01

−0.56

−0.70

− 0.42

< 0.001

2.38

1.84

2.93

< 0.001

  Subtrochanteric

3.57

2.82

4.32

< 0.001

3.00

2.35

3.66

< 0.001

5.68

3.84

7.53

< 0.001

 Charlson Index

  0 (ref.)

            

  1

1.03

0.82

1.24

< 0.001

0.97

0.81

1.13

< 0.001

1.39

0.73

2.06

< 0.001

   ≥ 2

2.32

2.09

2.55

< 0.001

2.46

2.28

2.64

< 0.001

2.55

1.84

3.26

< 0.001

 Coma Levelb

  Alert (ref.)

            

  Level 1

−0.94

−1.23

− 0.66

< 0.001

− 0.36

− 0.57

−0.14

< 0.001

− 1.43

−2.31

− 0.54

< 0.001

  Level 2

− 0.42

−1.71

0.88

0.53

0.22

−0.82

1.25

0.68

0.21

−3.45

3.86

0.91

  Level 3

−3.14

−7.81

1.53

0.19

0.72

−3.31

4.76

0.73

−8.37

−19.80

3.06

0.15

 Ambulance Use

  No ambulance use (ref.)

            

  Ambulance use

1.05

0.87

1.24

< 0.001

1.94

1.80

2.08

< 0.001

−1.47

−2.10

−0.84

< 0.001

Contextual factor

 City levelc

  Designated city (ref.)

            

  Pop. ≥150,000

−0.02

−1.58

1.53

0.98

−2.53

−3.78

−1.27

< 0.001

0.95

−1.00

2.90

0.34

  Pop. 80,000≤, ≤150,000

0.25

−1.68

2.19

0.80

−1.96

−3.53

−0.39

0.02

0.68

−1.72

3.08

0.58

  Pop. ≤80,000

1.51

−0.19

3.21

0.08

−0.15

−1.56

1.25

0.83

1.85

−0.25

3.96

0.09

 Hosp. functiond

  Under 200 beds hosp.(ref.)

            

  Over 200 beds hosp.

−7.87

−9.26

−6.47

< 0.001

−4.13

−5.37

−2.89

< 0.001

−8.42

−10.14

−6.70

< 0.001

  Regional support hosp.

−12.04

− 13.98

− 10.09

< 0.001

−9.02

− 10.68

− 7.35

< 0.001

− 12.61

− 15.01

− 10.22

< 0.001

  University & advanced hosp.

− 15.69

−18.50

− 12.87

< 0.001

− 10.41

− 12.75

−8.08

< 0.001

− 17.79

− 21.77

− 13.82

< 0.001

 Discharge to

  Home (ref.)

            

  Recovery ward (same hosp.)

−22.33

−22.88

− 21.78

< 0.001

−15.66

−16.18

− 15.13

< 0.001

−27.83

− 29.06

− 26.60

< 0.001

  Other hospital

−5.95

−6.19

−5.71

< 0.001

− 2.60

− 2.79

− 2.40

< 0.001

−15.82

− 16.60

− 15.04

< 0.001

  Long-term care facility

−5.95

− 6.24

− 5.66

< 0.001

− 5.05

− 5.29

− 4.81

< 0.001

− 4.79

− 5.56

− 4.01

< 0.001

  Death

1.46

0.66

2.26

< 0.001

− 1.93

−2.62

−1.25

< 0.001

8.47

6.48

10.46

< 0.001

  Unknown

−2.75

−5.25

−0.24

0.03

−1.04

−3.13

1.06

0.33

−4.30

−10.74

2.14

0.19

Macro-level variance (S.E.)

between hospitals

116.1

(5.30)

  

75.3

(3.70)

  

136.8

(7.27)

  
  1. aDementia level 1 and 2: represents “degree of independence in daily life for elderly people with dementia” criteria I-II and III-IV/M, respectively. bComa level refers to the Japan Coma Scale (JCS) which has four decisive levels of consciousness. cDesignated city has population over 500,000 and is designated by order of the Cabinet of Japan under Local Autonomy Law. dAdvanced hospitals include 6 national centers for cancer, circulation and global health. Regional support hospital has over 200 beds and meets requirements such as referral rate over 80% for outpatients