Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression of PROUD participant characteristics associated with care engagement, excluding opioid substitution therapy visits, Complete case analysis (n = 533)
From: Engagement in primary health care among marginalized people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada
Variable | Engaged AORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |
 Age | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
 Gender | |
  Male | 1.10 (0.63, 1.93) |
  Female | ref |
 Ethnicity | |
  Indigenous | 1.21 (0.69, 2.10) |
  Other | ref |
 Sexual Orientation | |
  Heterosexual | 0.78 (0.37, 1.66) |
  Gay/lesbian/homosexual/other | ref |
 Neighborhood Income quintile | |
  1 (Lowest) | 0.55 (0.24, 1.26) |
  2 | 0.47 (0.20, 1.07) |
  3 | 0.77 (0.32, 1.82) |
  4 and 5 (Highest) | ref |
 Highest level of education | |
  College or university completed | 0.95 (0.47, 1.93) |
  Some college or university | 0.93 (0.49, 1.74) |
  High school graduate or equivalent | 1.01 (0.61, 1.67) |
  Some high school or less | ref |
 Provincial social assistance benefits | |
  Disability payments (Ontario Disability Support Program) | 4.14 (2.30, 7.43) |
  Income assistance (Ontario Works) | 3.69 (2.00, 6.81) |
  Other (includes Trillium, 65y+, none) | ref |
Social characteristics | |
 Received drugs, money, gifts for sex in last 12 months | |
  Yes | 1.94 (0.85, 4.46) |
  Other | ref |
 Housing situation | |
  Stable housing | 2.09 (1.29, 3.38) |
  Unstable housing | ref |
 Detained in jail overnight or longer in the last 12 months | |
  Yes | 1.15 (0.72, 1.81) |
  Other | ref |
 Ever red zoned | |
  Yes | 1.37 (0.85, 2.21) |
  Other | ref |
Drug use characteristics | |
 Ever inject drugs | |
  Yes | 1.01 (0.58, 1.73) |
  Other | ref |
 Overdose in the past 12 months | |
  Yes | 0.76 (0.43, 1.36) |
  Other | ref |
Health characteristics | |
 Comorbid HIV | |
  Yes | 1.09 (0.45, 2.64) |
  No | ref |
 Mental health comorbidity (excluding substance use disorder) | |
  Yes | 3.43 (2.19, 5.38) |
  No | ref |
 Reported last Hepatitis C test results | |
  Positive | 1.20 (0.71, 2.01) |
  Other | ref |
Health care utilization | |
 Received support from peer worker | |
  Yes | 0.72 (0.47, 1.11) |
  Other | ref |
 Ever on methadone | |
  Yes | 3.82 (2.28, 6.41) |
  Other | ref |