Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of PROUD participants
From: Engagement in primary health care among marginalized people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada
Variable | N = 663 |
|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | n (%) |
Age | |
Mean (SD) | 41.4 (10.8) |
Median (IQR) | 43 (33–50) |
Age category (years) | |
< = 24 | 54 (8.1%) |
25 to 34 | 134 (20.2%) |
35 to 44 | 182 (27.5%) |
45+ | 293 (44.2%) |
Gender | |
Male | 501 (75.6%) |
Female | 162 (24.4%) |
Ethnicity | |
Indigenous onlya | 120 (18.1%) |
Other/no answer | 543 (81.9%) |
First language | |
French | 102 (15.4%) |
English | 512 (77.2%) |
Other/no answer | 49 (7.4%) |
Sexual orientation | |
Heterosexual | 587 (88.5%) |
Gay/lesbian/homosexual/other | 76 (11.5%) |
Neighborhood of residence | |
Market/Lowertown | 273 (41.2%) |
Centretown | 117 (17.6%) |
Other | 273 (41.2%) |
Neighborhood Income Quintile | |
1 (lowest) | 246 (37.1%) |
2 | 196 (29.6%) |
3 | 144 (21.7%) |
4 and 5 (highest) | 64 (9.6%) |
Missing | 13 (2.0%) |
Highest level of education | |
Some high school or less | 308 (46.5%) |
High school graduate or equivalent | 193 (29.1%) |
Some college or university | 99 (14.9%) |
College or university completed | 63 (9.5%) |
Provincial social assistance benefits | |
Disability payments (Ontario Disability Support Program) | 342 (51.6%) |
Income assistance (Ontario Works) | 164 (24.7%) |
Other (includes Trillium, 65y+, none) | 157 (23.7%) |
Comorbidity | |
No comorbidity (0 ADGs)b | 82 (12.4%) |
Low comorbidity (1–5 ADGs) | 242 (36.5%) |
Medium comorbidity (6–9 ADGs) | 169 (25.5%) |
High comorbidity (> = 10 ADGs) | 170 (25.6%) |
Social characteristics | n (%) |
Received drugs, money, gifts for sex last 12 months | 82 (12.4%) |
Stable housing | 248 (37.4%) |
Ever red zoned | 212 (32.0%) |
Detained in jail overnight or longer ever | 510 (76.9%) |
Detained in jail overnight or longer last 12 months | 252 (38.0%) |
Drug use characteristics | n (%) |
Ever injected drugs | 462 (69.7%) |
Drug use in past 12 months | |
Any injection | 326 (49.2%) |
Non-injection use of only non-opioids | 271 (40.9%) |
Non-injection drug use of both opioids and non-opioids | 390 (58.8%) |
Ever injected with used needle | 185 (27.9%) |
Ever with unknown needle | 126 (19.0%) |
Frequency of injecting with others in past 12 months | |
Always | 81 (12.2%) |
Most of the time | 46 (6.9%) |
Usually/sometimes/occasionally | 140 (21.1%) |
Never | 54 (8.1%) |
Other | 342 (51.6%) |
Location of injection drug use | |
House/apartment | 100 (15.1%) |
Public place | 563 (84.9%) |
Most frequent location of injection drug use | |
House/apartment | 207 (31.25) |
Public place | 456 (68.8%) |
Ever overdosed | 302 (45.6%) |
Overdosed in past 12 months | 113 (17.0%) |
Last overdose taken to ED/hospital | 144 (21.7%) |
Health characteristics | n (%) |
Comorbid HIV | 50 (7.5%) |
Comorbid mental health condition (excluding substance use) | 341 (51.4%) |
Self-reported health status | |
Excellent/very good | 154 (23.2%) |
Good | 249 (37.6%) |
Fair/poor/no answer | 260 (39.2%) |
Ever suicidal ideation | 389 (58.7%) |
Ever attempted suicide | 227 (34.2%) |
Attempted suicide in last 12 months | 61 (9.2%) |
Ever tested for Hepatitis C | 562 (84.8%) |
Reported last Hepatitis C test results | |
Positive | 258 (38.9%) |
Negative | 268 (40.4%) |
No answer/don’t know/missing | 137 (20.7%) |
Health care utilization | n (%) |
Received support from peer worker | 277 (41.8%) |
Received support from social support organization | 402 (60.6%) |
Have a regular doctor | 373 (56.2%) |
Been to a health clinic/doctor office/walk-in in past 12 months | 399 (60.2%) |
# of outpatient primary care visits in 1 year prior to survey completion | |
Mean (SD) | 9.9 (16.8) |
Median (IQR) | 4 (0–10) |
Care engagement | |
Engaged in primary care | 372 (56.1%) |
Not engaged in primary care | 291 (43.8%) |
Ever on methadone | 223 (33.6%) |
Currently on methadone | 163 (24.6%) |
Accessed addiction treatment in past 12 months | 239 (36.0%) |