Table 1 Prevalence of using maternal healthcare services by sociodemographic factors (n = 11,961)
| Â | Timing of ANC | Frequency of ANC | Place of delivery | Postnatal care | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | After first trimester | First trimester | Four or more | <Four | Healthcare facility | Home | Yes | No |
Age | ||||||||
 15–19 | 4.91 [3.99,6.03] | 3.10 [2.56,3.75] | 3.85 [3.34,4.43] | 3.17 [2.61,3.84] | 3.38 [2.92,3.92] | 3.71 [3.10,4.44] | 3.86 [3.19,4.66] | 3.28 [2.79,3.84] |
 20–24 | 18.33 [16.66,20.13] | 23.94 [22.30,25.66] | 16.73 [15.69,17.82] | 23.28 [21.58,25.08] | 15.13 [14.08,16.25] | 24.32 [22.68,26.04] | 15.60 [14.05,17.28] | 21.45 [20.18,22.78] |
 25–29 | 23.87 [22.12,25.73] | 31.43 [29.84,33.07] | 24.50 [23.21,25.82] | 31.36 [29.74,33.03] | 24.58 [23.23,25.98] | 30.61 [29.04,32.24] | 25.09 [23.27,27.00] | 28.46 [27.22,29.73] |
 30–34 | 25.07 [23.34,26.88] | 26.24 [24.62,27.93] | 23.69 [22.51,24.90] | 26.75 [25.12,28.45] | 23.84 [22.59,25.14] | 26.25 [24.71,27.85] | 23.20 [21.54,24.95] | 25.53 [24.25,26.85] |
 35–39 | 16.55 [15.03,18.19] | 10.22 [9.20,11.35] | 17.84 [16.79,18.95] | 10.12 [9.13,11.20] | 18.82 [17.73,19.96] | 9.87 [8.83,11.01] | 18.61 [17.19,20.12] | 12.86 [11.92,13.85] |
 40–44 | 9.22 [8.02,10.58] | 3.93 [3.27,4.71] | 10.50 [9.61,11.47] | 4.32 [3.65,5.11] | 11.39 [10.44,12.42] | 4.00 [3.41,4.69] | 10.96 [9.73,12.33] | 6.56 [5.83,7.38] |
 45–49 | 2.04 [1.55,2.70] | 1.14 [0.83,1.55] | 2.90 [2.46,3.41] | 1.00 [0.73,1.37] | 2.85 [2.42,3.34] | 1.24 [0.90,1.70] | 2.68 [2.12,3.38] | 1.87 [1.52,2.30] |
Residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 15.60 [12.80,18.88] | 17.54 [14.58,20.96] | 10.81 [8.79,13.23] | 18.53 [15.48,22.02] | 8.76 [6.79,11.23] | 19.89 [16.70,23.51] | 7.67 [5.77,10.12] | 14.32 [11.99,17.01] |
 Rural | 84.40 [81.12,87.20] | 82.46 [79.04,85.42] | 89.19 [86.77,91.21] | 81.47 [77.98,84.52] | 91.24 [88.77,93.21] | 80.11 [76.49,83.30] | 92.33 [89.88,94.23] | 85.68 [82.99,88.01] |
Education | ||||||||
 No Education | 24.44 [22.14,26.90] | 11.51 [10.23,12.93] | 32.02 [30.09,34.00] | 10.41 [9.14,11.83] | 33.38 [31.25,35.57] | 11.13 [9.74,12.69] | 35.10 [32.65,37.64] | 18.43 [16.96,20.00] |
 Primary | 54.01 [51.68,56.33] | 50.46 [48.59,52.33] | 54.82 [53.08,56.54] | 50.16 [48.18,52.15] | 55.31 [53.37,57.23] | 50.08 [48.19,51.97] | 55.15 [52.74,57.53] | 52.37 [50.81,53.93] |
 Secondary/higher | 21.54 [19.56,23.67] | 38.03 [35.87,40.23] | 13.17 [11.95,14.49] | 39.43 [37.22,41.68] | 11.31 [10.07,12.69] | 38.78 [36.65,40.97] | 9.75 [8.44,11.24] | 29.20 [27.38,31.08] |
Husband’s education | ||||||||
 No Education | 14.13 [12.38,16.09] | 8.22 [7.17,9.43] | 18.62 [17.13,20.20] | 7.95 [6.89,9.14] | 19.48 [17.91,21.15] | 8.10 [7.01,9.35] | 19.70 [17.94,21.58] | 12.15 [11.03,13.37] |
 Primary | 48.94 [46.71,51.18] | 41.56 [39.61,43.55] | 53.63 [51.97,55.28] | 40.41 [38.41,42.44] | 54.33 [52.55,56.09] | 40.98 [39.00,42.99] | 55.15 [53.01,57.27] | 46.29 [44.58,48.01] |
 Secondary/higher | 36.92 [34.42,39.50] | 50.21 [47.97,52.45] | 27.75 [26.05,29.52] | 51.64 [49.30,53.98] | 26.20 [24.39,28.09] | 50.92 [48.57,53.27] | 25.16 [23.07,27.37] | 41.56 [39.56,43.58] |
Wealth quintile | ||||||||
 Poorest | 26.72 [24.11,29.50] | 20.14 [17.69,22.85] | 27.10 [24.99,29.32] | 19.01 [16.66,21.61] | 27.09 [24.85,29.46] | 19.87 [17.51,22.46] | 24.59 [22.13,27.22] | 22.52 [20.38,24.82] |
 Poorer | 24.03 [21.88,26.31] | 18.97 [17.27,20.80] | 21.91 [20.36,23.54] | 19.09 [17.32,20.99] | 21.76 [20.23,23.37] | 19.55 [17.86,21.35] | 24.40 [22.32,26.61] | 18.98 [17.53,20.51] |
 Middle | 18.99 [17.11,21.02] | 19.50 [17.89,21.22] | 20.39 [18.98,21.89] | 19.44 [17.80,21.19] | 20.13 [18.67,21.67] | 19.79 [18.20,21.48] | 20.85 [19.02,22.81] | 19.52 [18.13,20.99] |
 Richer | 15.74 [14.04,17.60] | 19.33 [17.37,21.44] | 16.29 [14.97,17.71] | 19.91 [17.97,22.00] | 16.87 [15.45,18.39] | 18.99 [17.13,21.00] | 16.98 [15.21,18.91] | 18.48 [16.94,20.14] |
 Richest | 14.53 [12.46,16.88] | 22.06 [19.23,25.17] | 14.30 [12.32,16.54] | 22.55 [19.59,25.81] | 14.16 [12.02,16.61] | 21.81 [18.92,24.99] | 13.18 [10.70,16.14] | 20.50 [18.14,23.07] |
Household head’s sex | ||||||||
 Male | 80.54 [78.57,82.38] | 78.15 [76.39,79.82] | 82.39 [81.00,83.70] | 78.31 [76.55,79.98] | 83.78 [82.37,85.10] | 77.26 [75.49,78.94] | 83.71 [81.97,85.30] | 79.68 [78.25,81.03] |
 Female | 19.46 [17.62,21.43] | 21.85 [20.18,23.61] | 17.61 [16.30,19.00] | 21.69 [20.02,23.45] | 16.22 [14.90,17.63] | 22.74 [21.06,24.51] | 16.29 [14.70,18.03] | 20.32 [18.97,21.75] |
Occupation | ||||||||
 None | 23.45 [21.34,25.70] | 23.61 [21.28,26.13] | 17.90 [16.42,19.49] | 24.84 [22.45,27.38] | 16.91 [15.31,18.64] | 25.21 [22.89,27.67] | 17.58 [15.37,20.03] | 21.88 [20.06,23.83] |
 White collar | 9.76 [8.42,11.30] | 24.58 [22.13,27.20] | 7.21 [6.35,8.18] | 24.42 [22.07,26.94] | 5.88 [4.96,6.94] | 24.09 [21.79,26.55] | 5.70 [4.62,7.00] | 18.20 [16.43,20.12] |
 Blue collar | 66.79 [64.28,69.21] | 51.81 [49.19,54.42] | 74.89 [73.03,76.66] | 50.74 [48.10,53.38] | 77.21 [75.17,79.13] | 50.70 [48.21,53.20] | 76.72 [73.98,79.26] | 59.91 [57.66,62.12] |
Decision maker about healthcare | ||||||||
 Respondent Alone | 59.49 [56.04,62.86] | 69.78 [67.19,72.26] | 55.39 [52.48,58.25] | 70.34 [67.67,72.88] | 52.32 [49.11,55.50] | 70.58 [68.10,72.95] | 50.81 [46.85,54.76] | 68.17 [65.74,70.51] |
 Respondent & Partner | 36.98 [33.70,40.38] | 28.04 [25.64,30.58] | 40.47 [37.67,43.33] | 27.52 [25.07,30.11] | 43.05 [39.94,46.23] | 27.36 [25.06,29.78] | 44.18 [40.24,48.20] | 29.57 [27.31,31.93] |
 Others | 3.53 [2.63,4.72] | 2.17 [1.60,2.93] | 4.14 [3.38,5.08] | 2.14 [1.55,2.93] | 4.63 [3.72,5.75] | 2.05 [1.54,2.73] | 5.01 [3.89,6.42] | 2.25 [1.75,2.91] |
Access to electronic media | ||||||||
 No | 20.60 [18.37,23.02] | 16.43 [14.71,18.30] | 24.07 [22.32,25.92] | 15.83 [14.06,17.79] | 24.35 [22.40,26.41] | 16.35 [14.51,18.39] | 27.50 [24.96,30.20] | 18.67 [17.12,20.33] |
 Yes | 79.40 [76.98,81.63] | 83.57 [81.70,85.29] | 75.93 [74.08,77.68] | 84.17 [82.21,85.94] | 75.65 [73.59,77.60] | 83.65 [81.61,85.49] | 72.50 [69.80,75.04] | 81.33 [79.67,82.88] |
Last child wanted | ||||||||
 Yes | 70.18 [67.80,72.46] | 84.27 [82.78,85.65] | 67.46 [65.72,69.16] | 84.05 [82.56,85.43] | 67.23 [65.46,68.95] | 82.62 [81.00,84.12] | 68.62 [66.29,70.86] | 77.10 [75.62,78.51] |
 No | 29.82 [27.54,32.20] | 15.73 [14.35,17.22] | 32.54 [30.84,34.28] | 15.95 [14.57,17.44] | 32.77 [31.05,34.54] | 17.38 [15.88,19.00] | 31.38 [29.14,33.71] | 22.90 [21.49,24.38] |
Parity | ||||||||
 1–2 | 44.86 [42.53,47.21] | 68.66 [66.81,70.46] | 37.75 [36.14,39.37] | 68.93 [67.08,70.72] | 34.80 [33.23,36.41] | 68.85 [67.16,70.48] | 35.22 [33.09,37.41] | 57.23 [55.57,58.87] |
  > 2 | 55.14 [52.79,57.47] | 31.34 [29.54,33.19] | 62.25 [60.63,63.86] | 31.07 [29.28,32.92] | 65.20 [63.59,66.77] | 31.15 [29.52,32.84] | 64.78 [62.59,66.91] | 42.77 [41.13,44.43] |