Table 4 Risk of bias within and across quasi-experimental studies
ID | Authors | Pre-intervention | At-intervention | Post-intervention | Within study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shi J, et al. [17] | Low | Unclear | Low | Moderate |
2 | Yan Q, et al. [19] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
3 | Yan YY, et al. [20] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
4 | Zhuang J, et al. [21] | Moderate | low | low | Moderate |
5 | Zhang LL, et al. [22] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
6 | Wan QP, et al. [23] | Low | Unclear | Moderate | Moderate |
7 | Sun XL, et al. [26] | Serious | Low | Unclear | Serious |
8 | GuLan DM, et al. [27] | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate |
9 | Wang J, et al. [28] | Low | Low | Serious | Serious |
10 | Ma CH, et al. [29] | Serious | Low | Unclear | Serious |
11 | Jiang CX, et al. [34] | Low | Unclear | Moderate | Moderate |
12 | Liu XY, et al. [38] | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
13 | Chen LP, et al. [39] | Moderate | Unclear | Moderate | Moderate |
14 | Zhang X, et al. [50] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
15 | Mei D, et al. [51] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
16 | Zhou LW, et al. [68] | Unclear | Unclear | Moderate | Moderate |
17 | Jiang CY, et al. [74] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
18 | Guo YF, et al. [75] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
19 | Guo YF, et al. [76] | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
20 | Hu SM, et al. [84] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
21 | Gui RL, et al. [96] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
22 | Guo LY, et al. [102] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
23 | Liu M, et al. [107] | Moderate | Unclear | Low | Moderate |
24 | Cao ZJ, et al. [112] | Low | Unclear | Low | Moderate |
Overall across studies | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | |