Table 2 Trends in health care access challeneges among reproductive age women by selected characteristics in 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys
Variable | EDHS 2005 | EDHS 2011 | EDHS 2016 | Point difference in health access problem | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 (2011–2005) | Phase 2 (2016–2011) | Phase 3 (2016–2005) | ||||
Residence | ||||||
Rural | 93.6 | 92.9 | 77.0 | −0.7 | −15.9 | −16.6 |
Urban | 69.7 | 70.8 | 45.6 | 1.1 | −25.3 | −24.1 |
Religion | ||||||
Orthodox | 85.9 | 83.5 | 59.0 | −2.4 | −24.5 | − 26.9 |
Muslim | 92.9 | 91.3 | 78.3 | −1.6 | − 13.0 | − 14.6 |
Protestant | 92.6 | 91.4 | 77.8 | −1.2 | −13.6 | − 14.8 |
Others | 90.6 | 92.7 | 86.8 | 2.1 | −5.9 | −3.8 |
Women age (in years) | ||||||
15–24 | 86.8 | 84.5 | 67.9 | −2.1 | −16.6 | −18.7 |
25–34 | 89.8 | 88.8 | 69.8 | −1.0 | −19.0 | −20.0 |
35–49 | 92.6 | 91.3 | 73.2 | −1.3 | −18.1 | − 19.4 |
Maternal education | ||||||
No education | 93.9 | 94.0 | 78.0 | 0.1 | −16.0 | − 15.9 |
Primary | 88.7 | 86.4 | 71.2 | −2.3 | −15.2 | −17.5 |
20 and above | 65.2 | 62.9 | 45.4 | −2.3 | −17.5 | − 19.8 |
Husband education | ||||||
No education | 94.3 | 93.9 | 77.5 | −0.4 | −16.4 | − 16.8 |
Primary | 92.9 | 91.2 | 74.3 | −1.7 | −16.9 | − 18.6 |
Secondary and above | 80.9 | 78.6 | 62.9 | −2.7 | −15.3 | −18.0 |
Marital status | ||||||
Never married | 83.0 | 81.7 | 64.2 | −1.3 | −17.5 | − 18.8 |
Married/living together | 91.2 | 89.9 | 71.9 | −1.3 | −18.0 | − 19.3 |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 93.3 | 89.3 | 73.0 | −4.0 | −16.3 | −20.3 |
Wealth status | ||||||
Poor | 95.0 | 93.8 | 84.1 | −1.2 | −9.7 | −10.9 |
Middle | 94.5 | 93.3 | 77.3 | −1.2 | −16.0 | − 17.2 |
Rich | 82.5 | 80.3 | 56.5 | −2.2 | −23.8 | − 26.0 |
Place of delivery | ||||||
Home | 93.7 | 94.0 | 81.4 | 0.3 | −12.6 | −12.3 |
Health facility | 75.8 | 72.8 | 62.1 | −3.0 | −10.7 | −13.7 |
Having ANC follow up | ||||||
No | 95.1 | 94.7 | 83.5 | −0.4 | −11.2 | − 11.6 |
Yes | 86.0 | 87.1 | 69.9 | 1.1 | −17.2 | −16.1 |
Contraceptive use and intention | ||||||
Using modern method | 83.1 | 85.3 | 64.6 | 2.2 | −20.7 | −18.5 |
Using traditional method | 67.8 | 62.3 | 48.4 | −5.5 | −13.9 | −19.4 |
Non-user and intends to use later | 88.6 | 86.6 | 69.0 | −2.0 | −17.6 | −19.6 |
Does not intend to use | 92.0 | 91.3 | 75.6 | −0.7 | −15.7 | − 16.4 |
Visited health facility in the last 12 months | ||||||
No | 89.9 | 88.9 | 72.6 | −1.0 | − 16.3 | − 17.3 |
Yes | 87.7 | 85.1 | 66.3 | −2.6 | −18.8 | −21.4 |
Sex of household head | ||||||
Male | 89.9 | 88.2 | 70.8 | −1.7 | − 17.4 | −19.1 |
Female | 87.3 | 85.8 | 67.5 | −1.5 | −18.3 | − 19.8 |
Occupation status | ||||||
Working | 89.2 | 86.7 | 72.4 | −2.5 | −14.3 | −16.8 |
Not working | 89.4 | 88.2 | 65.3 | −1.2 | −22.9 | −24.1 |
Currently pregnant | ||||||
Yes | 93.7 | 90.3 | 69.8 | −3.4 | −20.5 | − 23.9 |
No | 89.0 | 87.4 | 73.0 | −1.6 | − 14.4 | −16.0 |
Media Exposure | ||||||
No | 94.0 | 93.6 | 77.0 | −0.4 | −16.6 | − 17 |
Yes | 77.0 | 84.8 | 50.7 | 7.8 | −34.1 | −26.3 |