Table 1 Framework and included factors
1 Research environment ‘culture’ | 2 Institutional conditions | 3 Individual researcher characteristics |
|---|---|---|
Funding • Funding rewards innovation & novelty • Demands of the funder Valorisation of research outcomes • Revenue model • Public media • Media pressure Policies & practices scientific society • Competition for research positions • Journal policies & practices • Peer review process • Pressure to publish ‘exciting’ articles Collaborating partners • Conflicts of interest Research beneficiaries / stakeholders • Usefulness: study designed without proper consideration of the value for e.g. patients | Structural conditions/resources • Education • Reward system / incentives • Presence and adherence to a Research code • Recruitment & selection researchers • Presence of formal quality policy • Transparency study materials/data Social conditions • Opportunities for peer-discussion • Presence of colloquia for article discussion • Review of pre-publication findings • Competitiveness Role of supervisors • Task perception • Workload • Social skills (in supervision, and collaboration) Cultural conditions • Ideology institute • Functioning of the ICT infrastructure • Open organisation culture | Motivation • Promotion • Respect from peers • Focus on short-term success • Ideology Capabilities • Research training in HSR • Writing skills • Training research integrity • Social skills • Self-efficacy (to stand up to pressure) Working conditions • Workload • Work pressure Perceptions • Self-perception • Perception of others Personality traits • Narcissism |