Table 3 Subgroups A and B with themes and types of interventions

 Physical environment

1) the importance for independence and orientation of an environment that is easy to navigate, has distinguishable features and a view of the outdoors,

2) staff’s experience of the physical environment as a barrier for patient safety.

 Organization and management of care

1) the need for best practice principles in dementia hospital care,

2) hospital staff need more knowledge and better skills regarding dementia care,

3) staff’s experience of the agitation of patients with dementia as burdensome,

4) the need for continuity of staff to support basic psychological needs,

5) the need for social inclusion in order to feel respected,

6) the need to be consulted regarding their own care to maintain dignity,

7) the need for meaningful interaction with staff to feel safe, and

8) the importance of staff knowing patient backgrounds to enhance empowerment.

 Competence and person-centred care

1) the importance of companionship with other patients for a positive experience of hospitalization,

2) the importance of prioritizing the needs and care of confused patients to avoid worsening dementia-related symptoms, and

3) the importance of appropriate buildings and competent staff for quality care and prevention of the use of restraints.