Table 3 Scoping review results categorized by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework
Authors and Title | Year | Country | Objectives | Key Findings | Methods | Study duration | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. H. A. Al-Ganmi, L. Perry, L. Gholizadeh, and A. M. Alotaibi: ‘Behaviour change interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with cardiac disease: Protocol for a mixed methods study including a pilot randomised controlled trial’. | 2018 | Australia | The study examine the role of individual, behavioural and environmental factors in predicting medication non-adherence in patients with CVD. | Multi-faceted medication adherence interventions com-prising motivational interviews and text reminders may improve adherence to cardiac medication regimens by targeting individual behaviour change. | Multivariate Logistic Regression | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
Alsowaida, N., M. Alrasheed, A. Mayet, A. Alsuwaida, M. A. Omair: ‘Medication Adherence, Depression and Disease Activity among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus’. | 2018 | Saudi Arabia | Assess the prevalence of both medication non-adherence and depressed mood among Saudi patients with SLE. Validated tools and to explore the impact of both depressive symptoms and disease activity on medication non-adherence. | Medication non-adherence and depressive symptoms are highly correlated prevalent among Saudi SLE patients. Routine screening could facilitate the early detection and management of depression and medication adherence. | Logistic regression | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
C. Arbuckle et al., ‘Evaluating Factors Impacting Medication Adherence Among Rural, Urban, and Suburban Populations’. | 2018 | USA | To evaluate differences in prescription medication adherence rates, as well as influencing factors, in rural and urban adults. | The analyses suggest that there is no significant difference in adherence between rural and urban populations; however, the factors contributing to medication adherence may vary based on age and population density. | Multilinear Regression Analysis | NA | Adults > 18+ |
C. K. Chow et al., ‘TEXT messages to improve MEDication adherence and Secondary prevention (TEXTMEDS) after acute coronary syndrome: A randomised clinical trial protocol’. | 2018 | Australia | The study aims to investigate whether a cardiac education and support programme sent via mobile phone text message improves medication adherence and risk factor in patients following an acute coronary syndrome | The prevention programme delivered via text messages has the advantages of low cost and being easily automated. These elements can allow these programmes to reach large numbers of people, including those in resource-poor settings and in geographically isolated communities. | Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) | 6 months and 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
D. Chandrasekhar et al., ‘Impact of intensified pharmaceutical interventions in medication adherence in chronic kidney disease patients’. | 2018 | India | The study aims to evaluate the medication adherence behavior of individuals using various cost effective interventional methods. | The result suggests that the periodic counselling by clinical pharmacist at regular intervals can improve the medication adherence by improving awareness and removing the misconceptions about the disease and therapy. | ANOVA and linear regression | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
G. Martin, N. Patel, Y. Grant, M. Jenkins, R. Gibbs, and C. Bicknell. ‘Antihypertensive medication adherence in chronic type B aortic dissection is an important consideration in the management debate’. | 2018 | UK | The aims of this study were therefore to identify the rate of antihypertensive medication adherence and predictors of adherence in chronic type B aortic dissection (TBAD). | Medical management remains the mainstay of treatment in uncomplicated TBAD; however, the majority of patients are poorly adherent to their antihypertensive medications. | Linear regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
H. Durand et al., ‘Medication adherence for resistant hypertension: Assessing theoretical predictors of adherence using direct and indirect adherence measures’. | 2018 | Ireland | This study examined theoretical predictors of medication adherence (treatment-related beliefs, coherence of beliefs from experience with medication, habit strength, and pill burden) for patients with hypertension | Associations among unique adherence measures were weak overall, providing further evidence that multiple measures are necessary to accurately assess adherence. Habit strength is a key predictor of adherence for chronic conditions | Hierarchical linear regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
H. Kumamaru et al., ‘Using previous medication adherence to predict future adherence’. | 2018 | USA | To evaluate multiple measures of patient previous medication adherence in light of predicting future statin adherence in a large U.S. administrative claims database. | The study found that previous adherence as a predictor of future adherence was best measured using the PDC. Adding multiple previous adherence measures to the prediction model did not lead to substantive improvement. | C-statistics; concordance statistics | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
H. Y. Park, S. A. Seo, H. Yoo, and K. Lee. ‘Medication adherence and beliefs about medication in elderly patients living alone with chronic diseases’. | 2018 | Korea | The aim of this study was to assess medication adherence and its related factors among elderly people living alone with chronic diseases using a conceptual framework | To improve medication adherence of elderly living alone, it is essential to identify barriers to adherence, including their concerns and attitudes toward medications | Multivariable analysis | NA | Adults > 65+ |
M. Greene, T. Yan, E. Chang, A. Hartry, M. Touya, and M. S. Broder. ‘Medication adherence and discontinuation of long acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder’. | 2018 | USA | To examine medication adherence and discontinuation in two separate groups of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder | patients with schizophrenia or BD who began receiving long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic had better medication adherence and lower discontinuation risk | Linear and Cox regression models | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
Monroe, A. K., J. S. Pena, R. D. Moore, K. A. Riekert, M. N. Eakin, S. Kripalani, and others: ‘Randomized Controlled Trial of a Pictorial Aid Intervention for Medication Adherence among HIV-Positive Patients with Comorbid Diabetes or Hypertension’. | 2018 | USA | A pictorial aid intervention to improve medication adherence for both HIV and common chronic conditions. | Patients with HIV are often medically complex and may have multiple barriers to adherence.Medication adherence is a multifaceted process and adherence promotion interventions require an approach that targets patient-specific barriers. | Logistic regression | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
O. O. Shiyanbola, E. Unni, Y.-M. Huang, and C. Lanier. ‘The association of health literacy with illness perceptions, medication beliefs, and medication adherence among individuals with type 2 diabetes’. | 2018 | USA | The study examined the association between health literacy, beliefs in medicines, illness perceptions, and medication adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes | Health literacy, especially numeracy, needs to be initially addressed before diabetes adherence interventions that address individual concerns about medicines and threatening illness perceptions can work. | ANOVA correlation | NA | Adults > 20+ |
S. Brandstetter, G. Riedelbeck, M. Steinmann, J. Loss, B. Ehrenstein, and C. Apfelbacher. ‘Depression moderates the associations between beliefs about medicines and medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Cross-sectional study’. | 2018 | Germany | This study investigate the associations between beliefs about medicines and medication adherence among people with rheumatoid arthritis. | People experiencing more depressive symptoms showed stronger associations between necessity beliefs and adherence as well as attenuated associations between concerns and adherence. | Logistic regression analysis | NA | Adults > 18+ |
S. Surbhi, I. Graetz, J. Y. Wan, J. Gatwood, and J. E. Bailey. ‘The effect of opioid use and mental illness on chronic disease medication adherence in superutilizers’. | 2018 | USA | To examine the factors associated with nonadherence to essential chronic medications, with special emphasis on mental illness and use of opioid medications. | This study demonstrated that high levels of opioid medication use are significantly associated with essential chronic disease medication nonadherence among superutilizers. Other risk factors nonadherence were aged < 65 years, low-income status, and a higher number of unique prescribers. | Multivariable associations analysis | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
V. Menon, N. Selvakumar, S. Kattimani, and C. Andrade. ‘Therapeutic effects of mobile-based text message reminders for medication adherence in bipolar I disorder: Are they maintained after intervention cessation?’. | 2018 | India | Determine whether text SMS reminders improve medication adherence in patients with bipolar I disorder even after discontinuation of the intervention | The SMS intervention improved medication adherence and attitudes towards medication at the end of the treatment phase. These benefits were maintained for medication adherence but not for attitudes towards medication at the end of the follow-up phase. | (RMANOVAs) Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
W. Fischer et al., ‘Specific, but not general beliefs about medicines are associated with medication adherence in patients with COPD, but not asthma: Cohort study in a population of people with chronic pulmonary disease’. | 2018 | Germany | This prospective study investigated the association between beliefs about medicines and medication adherence in patients with asthma and COPD. | Beliefs about medicines are important factors predicting future medication adherence in patients with COPD, but not asthma. | Logistic regression | 3 months and 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
X. C. Tham, H. Xie, C. M. L. Chng, X. Y. Seah, V. Lopez, and P. Klainin-Yobas. ‘Exploring predictors of medication adherence among inpatients with schizophrenia in Singapore’s mental health settings: A non-experimental study’. | 2018 | Singapore | The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of medication adherence among inpatients with schizophrenia hospitalised at tertiary hospitals in Singapore | this study revealed that there were six factors (insight, religion, side effects, types of antipsychotics, social support from significant others, and nurse-client relationship) which are significant predictive factors of medication adherence | Multivariate Logistic regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
X. H. J. Chua, S. Lim, F. P. Lim, Y. N. A. Lim, H.-G. He, and G. G. Teng. ‘Factors influencing medication adherence in patients with gout: A descriptive correlational study’. | 2018 | Singapore | To examine the factors influencing adherence to urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout in Singapore | Significant differences in medication adherence scores were found among the subgroups of gender, ethnicity, marital status, employment status and presence of comorbidity. | Multiple linear regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Y. Zhang et al., ‘Factors affecting medication adherence in community-managed patients with hypertension based on the principal component analysis: Evidence from Xinjiang, China’. | 2018 | China | The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between factors and medication adherence in Xinjiang community-managed patients with hypertension based on the principal component analysis. | Regular medication regimen instruction and better community management services through community-level have the potential to reduce nonadherence. | Binary logistic regression | 3 months | Adults > 35+ |
Y.-M. Huang, O. O. Shiyanbola, and H.-Y. Chan. ‘A path model linking health literacy, medication self-efficacy, medication adherence, and glycemic control’. | 2018 | USA | The study propose a path model that illustrates the interrelated relationship between health literacy, medication self-efficacy, medication adherence, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). | Medication self-efficacy mediated but did not moderate the relationship between numeracy and diabetes medication adherence. | Bivariate correlations using Spearman’s rho | NA | Adults > 20+ |
Z. K. Lum, K. Y. K. Tsou, and J. Y. C. Lee. ‘Mediators of medication adherence and glycaemic control and their implications for direct outpatient medical costs: a cross-sectional study’. | 2018 | Singapore | To investigate the effects of diabetes-related distress and perception of hyperglycaemia on self-reported medication adherence and glycaemic control | Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of diabetes-related distress and perception of hyperglycaemia on medication adherence and HbA1c concentration. People with uncontrolled diabetes were found to incur significantly higher total direct medical costs than those with sub-optimally controlled diabetes. | Linear regression | NA | Adults > 21+ |
Elsous, A, M Radwan, H Al-Sharif, and A A Mustafa, ‘Medications Adherence and Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine’. | 2017 | Iran | Evaluate the adherence to anti-diabetic medications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) seeking medical care in the Gaza Strip, Palestine | Complete adherence to anti-diabetic medications was sub-optimal. New strategies that aim to improve patients’ adherence to their therapies are necessary taking into consideration the influencing factors and the importance of having diabetes educators in the primary care centers. | multiple linear regression | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
Erku, Daniel A., Asnakew A. Ayele, Abebe B. Mekuria, Sewunet A. Belachew, Bisrat Hailemeskel, Henok G. Tegegn: ‘The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Therapy Management on Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study’. | 2017 | Ethiopia | Evaluate whether a pharmacist-led medication therapy management could enhance medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. | Pharmacist-led medication therapy management might improve medication adherence and reduce number of hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes. | ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
Goldstein, Carly M., Emily C. Gathright, John Gunstad, Mary A. Dolansky, Joseph D. Redle, Richard Josephson, and others: ‘Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Relationship between Medication Regimen Complexity and Objectively Measured Medication Adherence in Adults with Heart Failure’. | 2017 | USA | Assess depressive symptoms as a moderator of regimen complexity in observational study of patients with HF. | Medication regimen complexity in depressive symptoms predicting medication adherence in patients with HF. | Hierarchical multiple linear regression | 3 to 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
Han, Euna, Hyun Soon Sohn, Ju-Yeun Lee, and Sunme Jang, ‘Health Behaviors and Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients’. | 2017 | South Korea | Explore the relationships of selected health behaviors to medication adherence | Health promotion programs for self-care health behaviors of elderly patientsshould emphasize good medication adherence to achieve successful self-management of diseases. | Multivariate logistic regression | 6 months | Elderly adults > 65+ |
Hayward, K L, P C Valery, J H Martin, A Karmakar, P J Patel, L U Horsfall, and others: ‘Medication Beliefs Predict Medication Adherence in Ambulatory Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis’. | 2017 | Australia | Investigate the impact of medication beliefs, illness perceptions and quality of life on medication adherence in people with cirrhosis | Patients having strong concerns or doubting the necessity or helpfulness of their medications should be explored further given the clinical relevance. | ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Jung, Sun Hoi, Ok Sang Lee, Hyang Sook Kim, Chan Soon Park, Hyun Jung Lee, Kyeng Hee Kwon, and others, ‘Medication Adherence Improvement By Using Administration Timing Simplification Protocol (ATSP) in Cardiovascular Disease Patients’. | 2017 | South Korea | Evaluate the impact of administration timing simplification protocol (ATSP) on medication adherence and clinical parameters of cardiovascular diseases | Administration Timing Simplification Protocol (ATSP) was shown to be an effective strategy to improve medication adherence in chronic cardiovascular disease patients | statistical significance | 3 months | Adults > 18+ |
Keshishian, Allison, Natalie Boytsov, Russel Burge, Kelly Krohn, Louise Lombard, Xiang Zhang, and others, ‘Examining the Effect of Medication Adherence on Risk of Subsequent Fracture Among Women with a Fragility Fracture in the U.S. Medicare Population’. | 2017 | USA | The association of osteoporosis medication adherenceand the risk of a subsequent fracture among Medicare-enrolledwomen with a previous fragility fracture. | Enrolled women with low and moderateadherence to osteoporosis medications had a higher risk of a subsequentfracture compared with high adherence patients. | Cox proportional hazards models | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Kim, Jung-Ae, Eun-Sook Kim, and Eui-Kyung Lee: ‘Evaluation of the Chronic Disease Management Program for Appropriateness of Medication Adherence and Persistence in Hypertension and Type-2 Diabetes Patients in Korea’. | 2017 | South Korea | Evaluate the effect of CDMP on the appropriateness of medication adherence and persistence in hypertension or type-2 diabetes patients. | Patients visiting the same, single clinic showed a significant increase in appropriate-adherence. | Kaplan–Meier survival analysis | 12 months | Adults > 20+ |
Lau, Ying, Tha Pyai Htun, Kin Sun Chan, and Piyanee Klainin-Yobas: ‘Multidimensional Factors Affecting Medication Adherence among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Structural-Equation-Modeling Approach’. | 2017 | Singapore | Hypothetical model based on the World Health Organization’s five-dimensional model of medication adherence strategy | Finding partially confirmed the conceptual basis of the five-dimensional factors affecting medication adherence. | Structural-equation model (SEM) | NA | Elderly adults > 65+ |
Lin, C.-Y., M Yaseri, A H Pakpour, D Malm, A Broström, B Fridlund, and others: ‘Can a Multifaceted Intervention Including Motivational Interviewing Improve Medication Adherence, Quality of Life, and Mortality Rates in Older Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery? A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial with 18-Month Fo’ | 2017 | Hong Kong | Evaluate the longterm effects of a multifaceted intervention (psycho-education, motivational interviewing, and short message services). | Multifaceted intervention can improve medication adherence in older patients | Multilevel mixed hierarchical models and multiple linear regression | 18 months | Adults > 18+ |
Michetti, Pierre, John Weinman, Ulrich Mrowietz, Josef Smolen, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Edouard Louis, and others, ‘Impact of Treatment-Related Beliefs on Medication Adherence in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Results of the Global ALIGN Study’. | 2017 | Switzerland | Determine beliefs about systemic medications in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and to explore the association of those beliefs and other factors with adherence. | Treatment necessity beliefs were higher than concerns about current medication in patients with IMID. Illness perceptions had a greater impact on treatment necessity beliefs than clinical parameters. | Multivariate logistic regression | 11 months | Adults > 18+ |
Raebel, M A, W Dyer, G A Nichols, G K Goodrich, and J A Schmittdiel, ‘Relationships between Medication Adherence and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control in Elderly Patients with Diabetes’. | 2017 | USA | Determine correlates of adherence and examine the effect of meeting Star adherence targetson blood pressure and LDL-C in the Medicare-aged diabetes population. | Adherence to ACEI/ARB is not linked with reduced blood pressure in patients with diabetes who are at least 85 years or with multiple comorbidities. | Poisson regression | NA | Elderly adults > 65+ |
Tang, K L, H Quan, and D M Rabi, ‘Measuring Medication Adherence in Patients with Incident Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study’. | 2017 | Canada | Compare adherence rates and associations with mortality using different operational definitions of adherence, and using various methods of handling concurrent medication use. | The range of adherence estimates varies widely depending on the operational definition used. Givenless variation in adherence rates and their stronger association against mortality | Multiple logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regressions | 12 months | Elderly adults > 65+ |
Wang, W, G S Chia, I F Tan, S N J Tye, X Wang, B Zhu, and others, ‘Independent Predictors of Medication Adherence among Singaporean Patients Following an Ischaemic Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack’. | 2017 | Singapore | Investigate the independent predictors of medication adherence amongSingaporean patients following an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack | Nurses play an important role in promoting patients’ medication adherence. Helping stroke patients understand the long-term benefits of their medications is essential to enhance patients’ medication adherence | multiple linear regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Alkatheri, Abdulmalik M., Abdulkareem M. Albekairy, Anan Jarab, Rami Bustami, Nabil Khalidi, Abdulraham Alshaya, and others, ‘Medication Adherence and Treatment Satisfaction among Renal Transplant Recipients’. | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | Investigate factors that can predict medication adherence and to explore the relationship between treatment satisfaction and medication adherence in renal transplant recipients | Males and RTRs who reported higher treatment satisfaction (convenience and side effects domains) showed better medication adherence | Multivariate logistic regression modelling | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
Boland, M R S, J F M Van Boven, A L Kruis, N H Chavannes, T Van Der Molen, L M A Goossens, and others, ‘Investigating the Association between Medication Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life in COPD: Methodological Challenges When Using a Proxy Measure of Adherence’. | 2016 | Netherlands | Investigate the association between medication adherence and HRQoL, thereby illustratingmethodological challenges | Positive association of adherence and HRQoL was not found, even after adjusting for lifestyle, disease severity, and previous HRQoL. | linear mixed model and Sensitivity analysis | 12 and 24 months | Adults > 18+ |
Garza, Kimberly B., Justin K. Owensby, Kimberly Braxton Lloyd, Elizabeth A. Wood, and Richard A. Hansen, ‘Pilot Study to Test the Effectiveness of Different Financial Incentives to Improve Medication Adherence’. | 2016 | USA | Measure the relative effectiveness of 2 behavioral economic-based incentive structures to improve medication adherence. | No statistically significant differences in adherence were demonstrated in this small sample of highly adherent participants, larger studies in a more diverse population or with other medications might show otherwise | ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlations | 3 months | Adults > 18+ |
Polsook, Rapin, Yupin Aungsuroch, and Sureeporn Thanasilp, ‘Medication Adherence among Persons with Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction’. | 2016 | Thailand | The use of multi-stage cluster sampling method involved 348 patients from 9 regional hospitals in Thailand | Findings suggest that nurses should understand that depression, barrier, and self-efficacy are important factors to be considerate to improve medication adherence and improve the quality of life | LISREL (linear structural relations) package used in structural equation modeling (SEM) | December 2011 to February 2013. | Adults > 20+ |
Tan, C. S.L., G. G. Teng, K. J. Chong, P. P. Cheung, A. Y.N. Lim, H. L. Wee, and others, ‘Utility of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in Gout: A Prospective Study’. | 2016 | Singapore | evaluate the utility of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in monitoring medication adherence in a multiethnic Asian gout cohort | MMAS-8 had limited construct validity in assessing medication adherence to ULT in our gout patients | Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) | 6 months | Adults > 21+ |
Beadles, Christopher A., Joel F. Farley, Alan R. Ellis, Jesse C. Lichstein, Joseph P. Morrissey, C. Annette Dubard, and others, ‘Do Medical Homes Increase Medication Adherence for Persons with Multiple Chronic Conditions?’. | 2015 | USA | Examine the association between medical home enrolment and adherence to newly initiated medications among Medicaid enrollees with MCC | Among Medicaid enrolees with MCC, adherence to new medications is greater for those enrolled in medical homes | Fixed effects regression model and Sensitivity analysis | 36 months | Adults > 18+ |
Freitas, T H, T N Hyphantis, E Andreoulakis, J Quevedo, H L Miranda, G S Alves, and others, ‘Religious Coping and Its Influence on Psychological Distress, Medication Adherence, and Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease’. | 2015 | Brazil | Religious coping plays a role in the adaptation to several chronic diseases. However, the influence of religious coping on IBD-related psychological distress, HRQoL, and treatment adherence remains unknown. | Religious coping is significantly associated with psychological distress, HRQoL, andadherence in IBD. | Hierarchical multiple regression models | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Kalichman, S C, J Pellowski, C Kegler, C Cherry, and M O Kalichman, ‘Medication Adherence in People Dually Treated for HIV Infection and Mental Health Conditions: Test of the Medications Beliefs Framework’. | 2015 | USA | Unannounced phone-based pill counts to monitor adherence to psychiatric and antiretroviral medications over a 6-week period | Necessity concerns medication beliefs framework has utility in understanding adherence to multiple medications | Hierarchical linear regression analyses | 12 months | Adults > 18+ |
Kang, C D, P P M Tsang, W T L Li, H H X Wang, K Q L Liu, S M Griffiths, and others, ‘Determinants of Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study’. | 2015 | China | Evaluate the determinants of medication adherence and BP control among hypertensive patients in Hong Kong. | Adherence-enhancing interventions should be targeted on younger subjects; employed patients; and those with poor self-perceived health status. Patients who are single and those with comorbiditiesshould be closely monitored for their BP control | Binary logistic regression | 6 months | Adults > 18+ |
Musich, Shirley, Sara Wang, and Kevin Hawkins, ‘The Impact of a Value-Based Insurance Design Plus Health Coaching on Medication Adherence and Medical Spending’. | 2015 | USA | Evaluate medication adherence, medical services utilization, and combined medical and pharmacy expenditures associated with diabetes and hypertension value-based insurance design VBID) plus health/disease coaching programs implemented by a large employer. | VBID program significantlyreduced pharmacy co-payments for participants and significantlyincreased medication adherence for both participants with diabetes and hypertension while nonparticipants had asignificant medication adherence drop-off. | Propensity score weighting and Regression model | 2-year | Adults > 18+ |
Na, Euihyeon, Seon Jin Yim, Joon Noh Lee, Jung Min Kim, Kyungki Hong, Moon Hwa Hong, and others, ‘Relationships among Medication Adherence, Insight, and Neurocognition in Chronic Schizophrenia’. | 2015 | South Korea | Identify the association between medication non-adherenceand possible risk factors in a large sample of patientswith chronic schizophrenia. | Identify the relationship between medication adherence, insight, and neurocognition in alarge sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia. | ANOVA and Multiple regression models | 1 months | Adults > 55+ |
Park, Linda G., Jill Howie-Esquivel, Mary A. Whooley, and Kathleen Dracup, ‘Psychosocial Factors and Medication Adherence among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Text Messaging Intervention’. | 2015 | USA | Compare medication self-efficacy among patients withcoronary heart disease and identify the personal (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) and psychosocial factors that were associated with. | TM medication reminders and/or health education did not improve medication self-efficacy | ANOVA, Multiple regression analysis | 11 months | Adults > 35+ |
Phillips, L. Alison, Michael A. Diefenbach, Jessica Abrams, and Carol R. Horowitz, ‘Stroke and TIA Survivors’ Cognitive Beliefs and Affective Responses Regarding Treatment and Future Stroke Risk Differentially Predict Medication Adherence and Categorised Stroke Risk’. | 2015 | USA | Assess the relative importance of four psychological domains – specifically, affective illness, cognitive illness, affective treatment and cognitive treatment for predicting stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Patients’ cognitive illness beliefs explained the greatest unique variance in baseline and six-month objective categorised stroke risk | Multiple regression model and Pearson bivariate correlation | 6 months | Adults > 40+ |
Rust, Connie F., Cindy Davis, and Matthew R. Moore, ‘Medication Adherence Skills Training for African-American Breast Cancer Survivors: The Effects on Health Literacy, Medication Adherence, and Self-Efficacy’. | 2015 | USA | Provide information addressing health literacy with respect to medication adherence and self-efficacy in African American breast cancer survivors | A statistically significant relationship was detected between initial health literacy and medication adherence, as well as initial health literacy and self-efficacy | Linear regression model | 4–6 months | Adults > 18+ |
Sandy, Robert, and Ulla Connor, ‘Variation in Medication Adherence across Patient Behavioral Segments: A Multi-Country Study in Hypertension’. | 2015 | USA | Adherence predictive power of the clusters relative to measures of patients’ concerns over their medication’s cost, side effects, and efficacy. | Predictive power of segments was greater than that for variables measuring concerns over cost, side effects, and efficacy | Cluster segmentation model based on linguistic analysis | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Seabury, Seth A, Darius N Lakdawalla, J Samantha Dougherty, Jeff Sullivan, and Dana P Goldman, ‘Medication Adherence and Measures of Health Plan Quality.’. | 2015 | USA | Measure for performance-based reimbursement contractsin healthcare systems. | Plans with higher average adherence had lower rates of disease complications,suggesting that medication adherence measures are potentially useful tools | multivariate regression | NA | Adults > 18 to 65 |
Shallcross, A J, D A Becker, A Singh, D Friedman, R Jurd, J A French, and others, ‘Psychosocial Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Ethnically and Socioeconomically Diverse Patients with Epilepsy’. | 2015 | USA | Psychosocial correlates of medication adherence in a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of patients with epilepsy. | This study suggest the importance of targeting social support in screening and intervention approaches in order to improve AED adherence among low-income, racially/ethnically diverse patients with epilepsy | Multiple regression model and Pearson bivariate correlation | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Yue, Zhao, Chen Li, Qi Weilin, and Wang Bin, ‘Application of the Health Belief Model to Improve the Understanding of Antihypertensive Medication Adherence among Chinese Patients’. | 2015 | China | Insight into antihypertensive medication adherence on the basis of a well-developed behavior theory | The HBM is reliable in predicting medication adherence among Chinese hypertensive patients. | Multivariate logistic regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Abebe, S M, Y Berhane, and A Worku, ‘Barriers to Diabetes Medication Adherence in North West Ethiopia’. | 2014 | Ethiopia | Assess the magnitude of medication adherenceand factors associated with it among adult persons with diabetes in northwest Ethiopia | Half of the persons with diabetes did not adhere to medications. Adherence was poor among users of traditional treatment and those dissatisfied with services. | Logistic regression | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Carpenter, Delesha M., Emily A. Elstad, Susan J. Blalock, and Robert F. Devellis, ‘Conflicting Medication Information: Prevalence, Sources, and Relationship to Medication Adherence’. | 2014 | USA | Explore whether conflicting information is associated with sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and medication adherence | The majority of patients (80.1%) received conflicting information and were most likely to receive conflicting information about medication risks.Physicians, media sources, and the Internet were the most common sources | Pearson correlation and Regression model | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Hong, J.-S., and H.-C. Kang, ‘Relationship between Continuity of Ambulatory Care and Medication Adherence in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Korea: A Longitudinal Analysis’. | 2014 | South Korea | The relationship between institution-level continuity of ambulatory care and medication adherence in adult patients with type 2 diabetes receiving a new hypoglycemic prescription | Ambulatory care was positively associated with medication adherence, which suggested that a high concentration of ambulatory care visits, whether it’s a physician or an institution, could facilitate delivery of proper medical services to | Random intercept models using a longitudinal technique | NA | Adults > 20+ |
Iyengar, Reethi N., Dhanur S. Balagere, Rochelle R. Henderson, Abbey L. LeFrancois, Rebecca M. Rabbitt, and Sharon Glave Frazee, ‘Association Between Dispensing Channel and Medication Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries Taking Medications to Treat Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, or High Blood Cholesterol’. | 2014 | USA | Examine the association of pharmacy dispensing channel (home delivery or retail pharmacy) with medication adherence | Where medications are received may impact adherence, even when controlling for PAB. Use of the home delivery dispensing channel may be an effective method to improve adherence for Medicare beneficiaries. | Multiple logistic regression | 12 months | Elderly adults > 65+ |
Langley, Christopher A., and Joseph Bush, ‘The Aston Medication Adherence Study: Mapping the Adherence Patterns of an Inner-City Population’. | 2014 | UK | Examine nonadherencepatterns to prescribed oral medications within threechronic disease states | The tool has been used to establish nonadherence levels within the three treatment groups and the demographic characteristics indicative of lower adherence levels, which in turn will enable the targeting of interventional support | Correlation | NA | Adults > 18+ |
Oliveira-Filho, Alfredo D., Donald E. Morisky, Francisco A. Costa, Sara T. Pacheco, Sabrina F. Neves, and Divaldo P. Lyra-Jr, ‘Improving Post-Discharge Medication Adherence in Patients with CVD: A Pilot Randomized Trial’. | 2014 | Brazil | assess the impact of a low-cost intervention designed to improve medication adherence and clinicaloutcomes in post-discharge patients with CVD | Validated patient self-report instrument for assessing adherence is a potentially effective method to improve adherent behavior and can be successfully used as a tool to guide adherence counselling in the clinical visit. | ANOVA and Cohen’s d effect | 12 months | Adults > 55+ |
Rajpura, Jigar, and Rajesh Nayak, ‘Medication Adherence in a Sample of Elderly Suffering from Hypertension: Evaluating the Influence of Illness Perceptions, Treatment Beliefs, and Illness Burden’. | 2014 | USA | Collective influence of illness perceptions, medicationsbeliefs, and illness burden on medication adherence of a sample of elderly people suffering from hypertension. | insights into how perceptions of illnessand burden relate to medication adherence in hypertension | Multiple linear regression analysis | NA | Adults > 55+ |
Xie, Lin, Feride Frech-Tamas, Elizabeth Marrett, and Onur Baser, ‘A Medication Adherence and Persistence Comparison of Hypertensive Patients Treated with Single-, Double- and Triple-Pill Combination Therapy’. | 2014 | USA | Single-, double-, and triple-pilltreatment regimens among hypertensive patients in a US clinical practice setting. | Pill burden was directly and significantly associated with decreased adherence and persistence with antihypertensive therapies in real-practice settings. Use of fixed-dose combinations that reduce pill burden could help patients to continue treatment and may result in improved clinical outcomes | Logistic regression Cox proportional hazards models | 11 months | Adults > 18+ |