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Table 2 Hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression model odds ratios of at least four ANC visit among women in the reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least a live birth, 5 years preceding the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey

From: Determinants of subnational disparities in antenatal care utilisation: a spatial analysis of demographic and health survey data in Kenya

Covariate

Categories

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

P-value

Age at First Marriage/ cohabitation

< 18

Ref

≥18

1.07 (0.97–1.18)

0.199

Place of Delivery

Health Facility

Ref

Non- health Facility

0.54 (0.48–0.61)

< 0.0001

Maternal Education

No Education

Ref

Primary

1.07 (0.89–1.30)

0.463

Secondary

1.33 (1.06–1.67)

0.015

Tertiary

3.00 (2.29–3.93)

0.0001

Birth Order

≤4

Ref

≥5

0.88 (0.78–0.99)

0.027

Marital Status

Married

Ref

Never Married/ Divorced/ Widowed /Separated

0.83 (0.75–0.93)

0.001

Wealth Quintile

Lowest

Ref

Second

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

0.013

Middle

1.34 (1.14–1.58)

< 0.0001

Fourth

1.45 (1.22–1.72)

< 0.0001

Highest

2.06 (1.60–2.65)

< 0.0001

Random Effect

 

Variance

Std. error

County

 

0.20 (0.11–0.36)

0.0611

Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC)

0.09 (0.06–0.13)