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Table 3 Intervention effects on secondary outcomes based on an intention-to-treat analysis (adjusted for covariates at the baseline)

From: TALKING TIME: A pilot randomized controlled trial investigating social support for informal caregivers via the telephone

Overall n = 38 caregivers

 

Differences between T1 and T0

Adjusted for covariatesa

Effect Size/Estimated score [95% CI]

Informal caregivers

 Self-rated physical HRQoL (0–100, PCS)

0.12 [− 1.98–2.21]

  Intervention group 2 (n = 17)

 

−1.7 [− 6.4–3.0]

  Control group 1 (n = 14)

 

− 2.1 [− 7.4–3.2]

 Perceived Social Support Caregiving (9–45, PSSC)

0.43 [−1.67–2.52]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

3.9 [0.2–7.7]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

2.6 [− 1.6–6.9]

 CRS self-esteem (7–35)

 

− 0.31 [− 2.41–1.79]

  Intervention group (n = 16)

 

− 0.3 [− 2.1–1.5]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

0.1 [− 1.8–2.1]

 CRS lack of family support (5–25)

−2.56 [− 4.65 - -0.46]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

− 1.1 [− 2.2–0.1]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

1.3 [0.0–2.6]

 CRS impact on finances (3–15)

 

− 0.46 [− 2.55–1.63]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

−0.7 [− 1.7–0.2]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

−0.4 [− 1.5–0.7]

 CRS impact on daily schedule (5–25)

− 0.42 [− 2.51–1.68]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

− 0.1 [− 1.8–1.5]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

0.4 [− 1.4–2.3]

 CRS impact on health score (4–20)

0.52 [− 1.58–2.61]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

0.9 [− 0.2–1.9]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

0.4 [− 0.8–1.6]

People with dementia

 NPI-Q irritability (0–3)

 

1.22 [− 0.87–3.31]

  Intervention group (n = 17)

 

0.2 [− 0.3–0.6]

  Control group (n = 14)

 

−0.3 [− 0.7–0.2]

  1. a Covariates depending on the respective secondary outcome: physical component score, caregiver self-esteem, caregiver lack of family support, caregiver impact on finances, caregiver impact on daily schedule, caregiver impact on health, perceived social support, irritability, functional activities, mental component score
  2. CI 95% confidence interval 95%, Effect Size / Estimated score = top row shows the standardized effect size CI and p-value, lower rows show the model-based estimated least square means of the intervention effect, PCS Physical Component Summary, PSSC Perceived Social Support Caregiving, CRS Caregiver Reaction Scale, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Q, FAQ Functional Activities Questionnaire