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Table 2 Intervention effects on the informal caregiver with regard to the primary outcome based on an intention-to-treat analysis (adjusted and not adjusted for covariates at the baseline)

From: TALKING TIME: A pilot randomized controlled trial investigating social support for informal caregivers via the telephone

Overall n = 38 informal caregivers

Difference between T1 and T0

Adjusted for covariatesa

Estimated score [95% CI]

Self-rated psychological HRQoL score (0–100, MCS, primary outcome)

 Intervention group (n = 17)

 

3.3 [−0.9–7.6]

 Control group 1 (n = 14)

 

−2.4 [− 7.3–2.4]

 Effect sizeb

Standardized effect sizec

5.77 [− 1.53–13.07]

1.65[− 0.44–3.75]

 Covariates for adjustment: regression parameter [95% CI]

PCS score

PSSC-Score

CRS self-esteem score

CRS lack of family support score

CRS impact on finances score

CRS impact on daily schedule score

CRS impact on health score

MCS score (baseline)

NPI-Q irritability score

FAQ score

0.1 [− 0.3–0.5]

0.1 [− 0.3–0.5]

− 0.3 [− 1.2–0.7]

− 0.2 [− 0.8–0.5]

0.3 [− 0.9–1.5]

− 0.7 [− 2.1–0.7]

− 1.2 [−3.1–0.7]

− 0.5 [− 1.0–0.0]

0.9 [− 2.8–4.7]

− 0.1 [− 0.8–0.6]

Not adjusted

Self-rated psychological HRQoL score (0–100, MCS, primary outcome)

 Intervention group 2 (n = 18)

 

1.21 [−3.03–5.44]

 Control group 1 (n = 17)

 

− 0.48 [− 4.84–3.87]

 Effect sizeb

Standardized effect sizec

1.69. [− 4.39–7.77]

0.57[− 1.47–2.60]

  1. a Covariates: physical component score, caregiver self-esteem, caregiver lack of family support, caregiver impact on finances, caregiver impact on daily schedule, caregiver impact on health, perceived social support, irritability, functional activities, mental component score
  2. b Effect size: computed as difference in estimated scores
  3. c Standardized effect sizes: computed as difference in estimated scores divided by standard deviation
  4. CI-95% confidence interval 95%, Estimated score model-based estimated least square means, MCS Mental Component Summary, PCS Physical Component Summary, PSSC Perceived Social Support Caregiving, CRS Caregiver Reaction Scale, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Q, FAQ Functional Activities Questionnaire, QoL-AD Quality of Life Alzheimer’s Disease scale, NPI-NH Neuropsychiatric Inventory