Associations between stressors and difficulty sleeping in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a cohort study

Table 5 Associations between stressors and sound level

	Morning shift	p value	Afternoon shift	p value	Night shift	p value	Global ICU stay	p value
Biological factors
Anxiety symptoms
Present	61.81 ± 2.53	0.283	62.07 ± 2.72	0.597	61.75 ± 4.56	0.737	61.87 ± 2.76	0.488
Absent	62.55 ± 2.54	0.283	62.50 ± 3.09	0.597	62.15 ± 4.13	0.737	62.40 ± 3.00	0.488
Pain
Present	62.83 ± 1.67	0.269	62.98 ± 2.30	0.322	64.10 ± 4.49	0.025	63.30 ± 1.98	0.037
Absent	62.19 ± 2.83	0.269	62.20 ± 3.89	0.322	61.43 ± 3.99	0.025	61.94 ± 3.09	0.037
Environmental factors
Noise
Present	62.22 ± 2.36	0.784	62.79 ± 2.00	0.411	62.62 ± 1.51	0.274	62.54 ± 1.49	0.459
Absent	62.40 ± 2.75	0.784	62.18 ± 4.15	0.411	61.75 ± 5.03	0.274	62.11 ± 3.41	0.459
Lights
Present	62.04 ± 2.82	0.661	62.10 ± 2.09	0.646	62.40 ± 1.46	0.537	62.18 ± 1.70	0.886
Absent	62.41 ± 2.58	0.661	62.45 ± 3.88	0.646	61.95 ± 4.67	0.537	62.27 ± 3.16	0.886

The data are expressed as mean dB ± standard deviation, p values were obtained using Student’s t test

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