Table 2 Estimation results of health service utilization

 URBMI

0.660***

1.608***

1.578***

1.473***

1.403***

1.152***

(0.100)

(0.388)

(0.287)

(0.238)

(0.224)

(0.158)

 UEBMI

0.180

0.095

0.629

1.196***

1.070***

0.736***

(0.140)

(0.258)

(0.397)

(0.382)

(0.239)

(0.220)

 Age

0.009***

0.022***

0.034***

0.047***

0.055***

0.061***

(0.003)

(0.007)

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.008)

(0.011)

 Gender

−0.058

−0.069

− 0.106

− 0.039

0.105

0.071

(0.062)

(0.084)

(0.131)

(0.145)

(0.119)

(0.101)

 Education

0.140*

0.278**

0.309*

0.297

0.237

0.388**

(0.074)

(0.105)

(0.158)

(0.239)

(0.154)

(0.185)

 Marital

0.041

0.085

0.218*

0.213

0.227

0.239**

(0.075)

(0.093)

(0.118)

(0.130)

(0.168)

(0.110)

 Log(Income)

−0.008

−0.003

− 0.017

− 0.020

− 0.051***

− 0.047****

(0.007)

(0.008)

(0.016)

(0.018)

(0.018)

(0.013)

Fair

−1.400***

−3.284***

−2.051***

−1.580***

−1.325***

−0.854***

(0.076)

(0.337)

(0.297)

(0.159)

(0.111)

(0.092)

Good

−2.000***

−3.605***

−4.567***

− 3.841***

− 2.755***

− 1.565***

(0.110)

(0.247)

(0.254)

(0.684)

(0.399)

(0.268)

Very good

−2.100***

−3.566***

−4.624***

−5.380***

− 3.310***

−1.812***

(0.110)

(0.261)

(0.225)

(0.370)

(0.426)

(0.289)

Excellent

−2.100

−3.493***

−4.477***

−5.393***

−3.554***

− 2.712***

(0.270)

(0.215)

(0.340)

(1.199)

(1.109)

(0.794)

 Demand

1.400***

2.842***

1.978***

1.544***

1.025***

0.807***

(0.120)

(0.342)

(0.193)

(0.284)

(0.216)

(0.188)

 ADLs

0.170***

0.448***

0.331***

0.267***

0.257***

0.176***

(0.036)

(0.121)

(0.101)

(0.090)

(0.060)

(0.059)

 IADLs

0.021

0.124

0.175*

0.185**

0.047

0.082

(0.038)

(0.090)

(0.088)

(0.079)

(0.058)

(0.049)

 Hospitals

0.080

0.097

0.202

0.382**

0.378***

0.327**

(0.062)

(0.083)

(0.121)

(0.153)

(0.121)

(0.136)

 Health centers

−0.002

0.129

0.140

0.140

0.167

0.197

(0.082)

(0.156)

(0.234)

(0.258)

(0.162)

(0.183)

 Clinics

−0.064

0.132

0.104

0.331*

0.344

0.227

(0.092)

(0.139)

(0.196)

(0.197)

(0.206)

(0.202)

 Constant

2.100***

2.663***

2.998***

2.893***

4.000***

3.872***

(0.260)

(0.413)

(0.583)

(0.665)

(0.563)

(0.603)

 Observations

13,087

13,087

13,087

13,087

13,087

13,087

 AIC

67,592

73,835

75,668

77,410

79,072

80,905

 Log-likelihood

−33,764

−36,885

−37,802

−38,673

−39,504

−40,420