The impact of accessibility and service quality on the frequency of patient visits to the primary diabetes care provider: results from a cross-sectional survey performed in six European countries

Table 4 Prediction of yearly patient visits to the primary diabetes care provider

	Participants with up to two missing values (n = 1086)			Patients with complete data (n = 829)
	Parameter^a	%-change^b	%-cont^c	Parameter^a	%-change^b	%-cont^c
Constant	0.540***			0.577***
Control variables
Finnish region^d	− 0.218**	−19.59	7.77	− 0.248**	−21.94	8.64
German region^d	0.361***	43.48		0.330***	39.08
Greek region^d	0.541***	71.77		0.545***	72.46
Dutch region^d	0.163**	17.70		0.163**	17.74
Spanish^d	0.411***	50.83		0.515***	67.30
Male gender	− 0.001	− 0.10	0.03	− 0.001	− 0.12	0.03
Age in years	0.043	4.39	0.08	0.036	3.69	0.06
High education	− 0.059	−5.73	0.12	−0.051	−4.99	0.10
Oral medicaments, no insulin^e	0.107	11.29	0.80	0.122	12.96	0.53
Insulin^e	0.241***	27.25	0.80	0.208**	23.16	0.53
Heart problems	0.044	4.50	0.06	0.058	5.95	0.10
Previous stroke	0.166**	18.06	0.34	0.109	11.47	0.12
Extremities problems	0.332***	39.38	2.37	0.330***	39.05	2.36
Sight problems	−0.017	−1.69	0.01	− 0.023	−2.26	0.01
Kidney problems	−0.938**	−60.86	0.53	−0.856**	−57.53	0.58
Focal predictors
Travel distance (km)	−0.011***	−1.09	1.06	−0.010***	−0.99	0.97
Travel time (minutes)	0.002	0.20	0.09	0.003	0.30	0.20
In-practice waiting time (minutes)	−0.001*	− 0.10	0.21	− 0.002*	− 0.16	0.30
Quality of communication^f	0.127***	13.54	3.71	0.121***	12.85	3.26

^a Asterisks behind the values symbolize statistical significances for deviation from zero with * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, and *** = p < 0.001
^b Percentage of increase or, respectively, decrease of yearly visits when the respective predictor variable increases for one unit
^c Contribution of the respective predictor variable to the prediction of the complete model (one hundred times the difference between the CW-Indices for the complete model and the models without the respective predictor variable)
^d The reference category is England
^e The reference category is treatment only by diet
^f Coded from 1 for worst quality to 5 for best quality

ISSN: 1472-6963