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Table 1 Effect of additional AHA on patient impairment outcomes

From: The effect of delegation of therapy to allied health assistants on patient and organisational outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Outcome

MD (95%CI)

SMD (95%CI)

Britton 2008 [27]

Weight through affected foot (% weight)

9.10 (2.00 to 16.20)

1.13 (0.11 to 2.14)

Duncan 2006 [28]

Arm circumference (cm)

0.39 (N/A)a

N/A

 

Triceps skin thickness (mm)

0.34 (N/A) a

N/A

 

Weight (Kg)

0.65 (N/A) a

N/A

 

Hand grip strength (Nm)

1.99 (N/A) a

N/A

 

Energy intake (Kcal)

349 (259 to 439)

0.91 (0.67 to 1.16)

Lincoln 1999 [33]

Hand grip strength (% max unaffected hand)

− 0.67 (− 12.10 to 10.75)b

− 0.02 (− 0.47 to 0.44)b

Niemela 2012 [35]

Female

  
 

Hand grip strength (Kg)

− 1.7 (− 4.21 to 0.81)

− 0.20 (− 0.50 to 0.10)

 

Knee extension strength (N)

−8.4 (− 48.24 to 31.44)

− 0.06 (− 0.36 to 0.24)

 

Pain VAS (cm)

−1.0 (− 1.85 to − 0.15)

− 0.35 (− 0.65 to − 0.05)

 

GDS (units)

− 0.50 (− 1.43 to 0.43)

−0.16 (− 0.44 to 0.11)

 

Male

  

Hand grip strength (Kg)

−0.80 (− 3.55 to 1.95)

− 0.08 (− 0.35 to 0.19)

 

Knee extension strength (N)

− 23.0 (− 61.33 to 15.33)

−0.16 (− 0.44 to 0.11)

 

Pain VAS (cm)

0.70 (0 to 1.4)

0.27 (0 to 0.54)

 

GDS (units)

−0.40 (− 1.25 to 0.45)

− 0.13 (− 0.40 to 0.14)

Parry 2016 [37]

FES-I (units)

4.02 (2.10 to 5.95)a

N/A

 

HADS: depression (units)

0.97 (0.33 to 1.62)a

N/A

 

HADS: anxiety (units)

0.70 (− 0.03 to 1.42) a

N/A

Salisbury 2010 [40]

Fatigue VAS (cm)

−0.60 (−5.29 to 4.09)b

− 0.14 (− 1.39 to 1.10)b

 

Pain VAS (cm)

0.96 (−5.77 to 7.69)b

0.16 (− 1.08 to 1.40)b

 

Hand grip strength (Kg)

1.80 (−43.55 to 47.15)b

0.06 (− 1.21 to 1.32)b

 

Calorie intake (% of requirements)

23.24 (− 27.46 to 73.94)b

0.53 (−0.83 to 1.88)b

 

Protein intake (% of requirements)

21.54 (− 36.67 to 79.75)b

0.41 (−0.93 to 1.75)b

Walsh 2015 [44]

Hand grip strength (Kg)

−1.63 (−4.54 to 1.28)b

−0.16 (− 0.45 to 0.13)b

 

HADS: depression (units)

0.33 (−0.88 to 1.54)b

0.08 (− 0.21 to 0.37)b

 

HADS: anxiety (units)

−0.67 (− 2.30 to 0.96)b

− 0.12 (− 0.41 to 0.17)b

 

Fatigue VAS (cm)

− 0.03 (− 0.97 to 0.91)b

−0.01 (− 0.32 to 0.30)b

 

Pain VAS (cm)

0.23 (−0.74 to 1.20)b

0.07 (− 0.24 to 0.38)b

 

Davidson Trauma Scale (units)

−2.67 (−8.74 to 3.40)b

−0.13 (− 0.44 to 0.18)b

Weindling 2007 [43]

GMDS (units)

3.2 (− 56.23 to 62.63)

0.03 (− 0.51 to 0.57)

  1. AHA Allied health assistant, FES-I Fears efficacy scale-international, GMDS Griffiths mental development scale, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale, MD Mean difference, N/A Not available or unable to be calculated, SMD Standardised mean difference, VAS Visual analogue scale. Bold text indicates statistically significant difference between groups favouring allied health assistant group
  2. Positive MD favours additional allied health assistant group
  3. aMD reported in study
  4. bMD calculated from converted medians