Table 1 Adaptive Design: a model to improve adaptation and adoption of patient safety practices
| Â | Process | Participatory Design (PD) | Experiential Learning (EL) | Adaptive Design (AD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Process characteristics | Adaptation/ Adoption | Adoption | Adaptation | Adoption & Adaptation |
Orientation | Product | Process | Product & Process | |
Design/ learning cycles | Structured & Iterative | Unstructured & iterative | Semi-structured & iterative | |
Knowledge | Objective | Subjective Created & recreated | Objective & Subjective Created & recreated | |
End-product | Final | Final (uncertain) | Provisional | |
Design process | Process Steps | Design Test Evaluate Redesign | Learn Experience Reflect & Learn Act | Design & Learn Test & Experience Evaluate, Reflect & Learn Redesign & Act |
User participation | Small, ad hoc end-user group | End-users randomly chosen from designated group | All end-users from designated group | |
Influence | Limited | No pre-set limits | Adaptable within pre-set limits | |
Acceptance | Early adoption | Adoption varies between end-users or user groups | Early adoption by small group, increasingly adopted by more users, eventually by all end-users | |
Learning | Participating end-user group | Individuals & teams from designated users | All users from designated group: individual, team & organisation | |
End-product | One for all end-users | Might be different between end-users (user groups) | Provisional per user group, subject to change over time |