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Table 4 Multilevel multinomial logistic regression (relative risk ratiod)

From: Relationship of place of death with care capacity and accessibility: a multilevel population study of system effects on place of death in Norway

 

Home versus hospital death

Nursing home versus hospital death

Home versus nursing home death

Individual level

Gender (Ref = Men)

  Women

0.84c

1.32c

0.66c

Age (Ref = 90+ years)

  0–49 years

1.80c

0.04c

46.30c

  50–59 years

2.03c

0.08c

26.4c

  60–69 years

1.64c

0.13c

13.43c

  70–79 years

1.2c

0.25c

4.73c

  80–89 years

0.89c

0.49c

1.82c

Marital status (Ref = Unmarried)

  Married

0.7c

0.57c

1.22c

  Widowed

0.83c

0.82c

0.99

  Divorced

1.02

0.84c

1.14c

Cause of death (Ref = Other)

  Cancer

0.49c

1.23c

0.37c

  Dementia

4.08c

16.01c

0.25c

  Circulation

1.16c

0.86c

1.44c

  Respiratory

0.73c

0.99

0.77c

  External

1.73c

0.58c

2.54c

Municipal level

Population characteristics (context)

  Death rate

1.01

1.01

1.00

  Age 67–79 years

1.02

1.04b

0.99

  Age 80–89 years

0.94a

0.98

0.97

  Age 90+ years

1.08

1.07

1.03

  Married

1.00

0.98c

1.01c

  Female employment

0.99c

1.01c

0.98c

  Population 5–99,000

0.99

0.99

1.01

  Population 10–19,999

0.89b

0.93

0.97

  Population 20–49,999

0.89a

0.93

0.95

  Population 50,000+

0.92

0.89

1.03

Accessibilitye

  Ttt municipal centre (average, minutes)

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Hospital in municipality

0.83c

0.79c

1.05

  Ttt local hospitalf

1.02c

1.02c

1.00

  Ttt local+ hospitalf

0.99b

0.98c

1.01b

  Ttt regional hospitalf

1.00

1.00

1.00

Capacity

  Nurses in LTC

1.03a

1.08c

0.96c

  Relative size home care (%budget/10)

1.03a

0.96c

1.07c

  Nursing home beds (per 100 pop 80+ years)

0.98c

1.00

0.98c

Hospital level

Capacity

  Hospital beds

0.99

0.92c

1.09c

  Constant

0.91

5.1c

0.20c

  1. aSignificance at 0.1 level, bSignificance at 0.05 level, cSignificance at 0.01 level
  2. dMean of 100 20% samples. Four levels: Decedent (N = 69,887) within Year (2003–2011) within Municipality (N = 423–428) within Hospital district (N = 43)
  3. eTtt, Travel time to
  4. fMeasured in units of 15 min