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Table 4 Percent Change in Trend of Average Healthcare Visits per Quarter by Type of Clinic Visited; 8 Quarters Pre- & Post-Intervention

From: Community-based outreach associated with increased health utilization among Navajo individuals living with diabetes: a matched cohort study

Variable

Estimate [1]

95% CI

p-value

Community Encounters

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9577

(0.9442, 0.9715)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9975

(0.9711, 1.0246)

0.8546

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

1.0302

(1.0029, 1.0583)

0.0301

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

0.9960

(0.9462, 1.0484)

0.8791

Counseling/Behavior

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0512

(1.0417, 1.0609)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9455

(0.921, 0.9707)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9171

(0.9027, 0.9316)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0630

(1.0132, 1.1153)

0.0126

Dental

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0295

(1.0209, 1.0381)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9836

(0.9444, 1.0243)

0.4236

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9690

(0.9552, 0.9829)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0410

(0.9701, 1.1172)

0.2645

Emergency

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9834

(0.9777, 0.9892)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9832

(0.9623, 1.0045)

0.1211

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9802

(0.9698, 0.9907)

0.0003

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0073

(0.9669, 1.0493)

0.7290

Inpatient

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0185

(1.012, 1.0251)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9804

(0.9564, 1.0051)

0.1186

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9856

(0.9748, 0.9966)

0.0102

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0249

(0.9808, 1.071)

0.2734

Primary Care Outpatient

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0241

(1.0199, 1.0283)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9806

(0.9654, 0.996)

0.0137

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9756

(0.9687, 0.9825)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0319

(1.0041, 1.0605)

0.0243

Specialty Care Outpatient

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0179

(1.0136, 1.0222)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0028

(0.987, 1.0188)

0.7333

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9701

(0.9629, 0.9774)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0040

(0.9763, 1.0325)

0.7807

Laboratory

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.2005

(1.1916, 1.2094)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9806

(0.9543, 1.0077)

0.1602

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.8008

(0.792, 0.8098)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0218

(0.9799, 1.0655)

0.3122

Pharmacy

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.1347

(1.1282, 1.1413)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9245

(0.9067, 0.9427)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.8073

(0.7996, 0.8151)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0901

(1.0533, 1.1282)

<  0.0001

Radiology

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0209

(1.0009, 1.0412)

0.0409

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0086

(0.9341, 1.0889)

0.8272

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9872

(0.9548, 1.0207)

0.4500

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0136

(0.8948, 1.148)

0.8321

Total 1 (including laboratory, pharmacy & radiology)

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0104

(1.0081, 1.0127)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9778

(0.97, 0.9856)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9830

(0.9791, 0.9868)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0249

(1.0103, 1.0398)

0.0008

Total 2 (excluding laboratory, pharmacy & radiology)

 Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

1.0120

(1.0097, 1.0144)

<  0.0001

 Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention

0.9834

(0.9751, 0.9917)

0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients

0.9812

(0.9773, 0.9851)

<  0.0001

 Difference, pre−/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients

1.0205

(1.0052, 1.036)

0.0086

  1. [1] The regression was performed as generalized linear mixed regression model for count outcomes, assuming a Poisson distribution for the outcome variable using a log-link. The regression results presented here are the exponentiated values of the specified coefficients to be directly interpretable as the percent change in utilization relative to enrollment in COPE