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Table 3 Characteristics of participants before and after propensity score matching

From: Number of consulting medical institutions and risk of polypharmacy in community-dwelling older people under a healthcare system with free access: a cross-sectional study in Japan

 

Before propensity score matching

After propensity score matching

1 consulting medical institution (N = 516)

≥2 consulting medical institutions (N = 477)

P value

1 consulting medical institution (N = 307)

≥2 consulting medical institutions (N = 307)

P value

Age (year old, mean ± SD)

74.5 ± 6.7

75.8 ± 6.2

0.003

74.9 ± 7.1

75.0 ± 5.9

0.956

Sex (men), n (%)

276 (53.5)

246 (51.6)

0.546

154 (50.2)

159 (51.8)

0.686

Household economy, n (%)

 Very poor

26 (5.0)

31 (6.5)

0.479

15 (4.9)

17 (5.5)

0.594

 Poor

92 (17.8)

106 (22.2)

 

63 (20.5)

67 (21.8)

 

 Normal

342 (66.3)

291 (61.0)

 

208 (67.8)

193 (62.9)

 

 Rich

35 (6.8)

30 (6.3)

 

16 (5.2)

25 (8.1)

 

 Very rich

8 (1.6)

7 (1.5)

 

5 (1.6)

5 (1.6)

 

 Not answereda

13 (2.5)

12 (2.5)

 

0

0

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

284 (55.0)

275 (57.7)

0.407

168 (54.7)

165 (53.8)

0.808

 Stroke

11 (2.1)

22 (4.6)

0.029

9 (2.9)

7 (2.3)

0.612

 Heart disease

60 (11.6)

72 (15.1)

0.108

42 (13.7)

38 (12.4)

0.632

 Diabetes mellitus

96 (18.6)

83 (17.4)

0.622

52 (16.9)

59 (19.2)

0.463

 Dyslipidemia

84 (16.3)

73 (15.3)

0.674

51 (16.6)

47 (15.3)

0.659

 Respiratory disorder

23 (4.5)

39 (8.2)

0.016

21 (6.8)

15 (4.9)

0.303

 Gastrointestinal disorder

29 (5.6)

55 (11.5)

0.001

27 (8.8)

23 (7.5)

0.555

 Renal urologic disorder

34 (6.6)

72 (15.1)

<0.001

28 (9.1)

29 (9.5)

0.889

 Musculoskeletal disorder

34 (6.6)

69 (14.5)

<0.001

31 (10.1)

26 (8.5)

0.487

 Injury

7 (1.4)

14 (2.9)

0.084

7 (2.3)

6 (2.0)

0.779

 Malignancy

26 (5.0)

23 (4.8)

0.875

13 (4.2)

18 (5.9)

0.357

 Hematologic disease

7 (1.4)

11 (2.3)

0.263

4 (1.3)

5 (1.6)

0.737

 Depression

3 (0.6)

8 (1.7)

0.099

3 (1.0)

2 (0.7)

0.653

 Dementia

6 (1.2)

5 (1.1)

0.863

4 (1.3)

2 (0.7)

0.412

 Parkinson’s disease

0

1 (0.2)

0.298

0

0

 

 Ear disorder

24 (4.7)

30 (6.3)

0.255

14 (4.6)

11 (3.6)

0.540

 Other

52 (10.1)

56 (11.7)

0.401

36 (11.7)

34 (11.1)

0.800

The number of comorbidities, n (%)

  1

300 (58.1)

147 (30.8)

<0.001

142 (46.3)

141 (45.9)

0.422

  2

150 (29.1)

175 (36.7)

 

111 (36.2)

117 (38.1)

 

  3

41 (8.0)

92 (19.3)

 

32 (10.4)

37 (12.1)

 

  4

17 (3.3)

50 (10.5)

 

14 (4.6)

9 (2.9)

 

 ≥5

8 (1.6)

13 (2.7)

 

8 (2.6)

3 (1.0)

 
  1. SD standard deviation
  2. a25 people with missing data were not included in the propensity-score-matched analysis