Table 2 Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for polypharmacy
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
The number of consulting medical institutions | ||
1 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
2 | 1.85 (1.23–2.79) | 1.50 (0.94–2.37) |
≥3 | 5.06 (3.23–7.92) | 3.34 (1.98–5.65) |
Age (every 1 year old increase) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 1.07 (1.03–1.10) |
Sex | ||
Women | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Men | 1.81 (1.27–2.59) | 1.98 (1.26–3.10) |
Household economya | ||
Very poor | 1.94 (1.02–3.69) | 1.53 (0.72–3.26) |
Poor | 1.56 (1.03–2.34) | 1.50 (0.95–2.38) |
Normal | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Richb | 0.66 (0.31–1.42) | 0.73 (0.32–1.66) |
Very richb | ||
Comorbidities | ||
Hypertension | 1.21 (0.86–1.72) | |
Stroke | 1.20 (0.49–2.96) | |
Heart disease | 3.81 (2.53–5.74) | 2.89 (1.75–4.76) |
Diabetes mellitus | 2.49 (1.69–3.67) | 2.49 (1.54–4.02) |
Dyslipidemia | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) | |
Respiratory disorder | 1.79 (0.97–3.29) | |
Gastrointestinal disorder | 2.35 (1.42–3.91) | 1.71 (0.92–3.19) |
Renal urologic disorder | 2.25 (1.41–3.59) | 1.04 (0.56–1.92) |
Musculoskeletal disorder | 2.35 (1.47–3.76) | 2.44 (1.34–4.47) |
Injury | 2.19 (0.84–5.74) | |
Malignancy | 1.80 (0.92–3.54) | |
Hematologic disease | 1.55 (0.50–4.76) | |
Depression | 2.03 (0.53–7.74) | |
Dementia | 3.12 (0.90–10.79) | |
Parkinson’s disease | Not available | |
Ear disorder | 1.08 (0.52–2.25) | |
Other | 1.08 (0.63–1.85) | |
The number of comorbidities | ||
1 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
2 | 2.41 (1.51–3.85) | 1.52 (0.90–2.55) |
3 | 4.28 (2.51–7.29) | 1.58 (0.83–2.99) |
4 | 9.31 (5.09–17.04) | 2.59 (1.24–5.44) |
≥5 | 17.30 (6.78–44.09) | 2.24 (0.68–7.43) |