Confidence, attitudes, beliefs and determinants of implementation behaviours among physiotherapists towards clinical management of low back pain before and after implementation of the BetterBack model of care

Table 3 Changes in physiotherapists’ self-confidence, pain attitudes and beliefs from before to after the workshop (n = 116)

	Mean (SD)	Within-subjects effects	Within-subjects simple contrasts
	Mean (SD)	F-value; p-value; Effect Size	Change from baseline Mean (95% CI)	F-value; p-value; Effect Size
PCS		F(2.7, 312) = 28.3; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.197
Before	10.4 (2.4)
Directly after	8.8 (2.1)		−1.6 (− 1.9 to − 1.2)	F(1, 115) = 60.3; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.344
3 months post	8.9 (2.2)		− 1.5 (− 1.9 to − 1.0)	F(1, 115) = 44.1; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.277
12 months post	8.7 (2.2)		−1.7 (−2.0 to − 1.3)	F(1, 115) = 95.6; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.454
PABS-PT, BM		F(2, 230) = 7.2; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.059
Before	32.0 (7.0)
3 months post	31.2 (6.9)		−0.8 (−1.8 to 0.1)	F(1, 115) = 2.9; p = 0.09; η_p² = 0.024
12 months post	30.3 (6.5)		−1.7 (− 2.5 to − 0.9)	F(1, 115) = 18.1; p < 0.001; η_p² = 0.136
PABS-PT, BPS		F(2, 230) = 4.2; p = 0.016; η_p² = 0.035
Before	38.9 (4.8)
3 months post	39.6 (4.1)		0.7 (− 0.1 to 1.5)	F(1, 115) = 2.9; p = 0.09; η_p² = 0.025
12 months post	40.0 (3.7)		1.1 (0.4 to 1.8)	F(1, 115) = 8.8; p < 0.01; η_p² = 0.071

Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation, CI Confidence Interval, η_p² Partial Eta Squared, PCS Practitioner Self-Confidence Scale (score 4–20, lower score indicates higher self-confidence), PABS-PT Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists, BM Biomedical orientation (score 10–60 indicates higher score higher orientation), BPS Biopsychosocial orientation (score 9–54, indicates higher score higher orientation)

ISSN: 1472-6963