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Table 5 Equity domain indicators for effectiveness, cost and access in rural and urban China

From: Rural and urban differences in health system performance among older Chinese adults: cross-sectional analysis of a national sample

Equity index

RII (95% CI)

Absolute difference

Urban

Rural

Effectiveness

Undiagnosed hypertension

0.77

(0.65, 0.91)

0.83

(0.75, 0.92)

0.06

Take prescribed meds with known hypertension

1.15

(0.98, 1.35)

1.62

(1.21, 2.18)

0.47

Hypertension uncontrolled

1.01

(0.85, 1.20)

1.04

(0.97, 1.12)

0.03

Take prescribed meds for diabetes

0.99

(0.81, 1.20)

0.99

(0.76, 1.30)

0

Special diet/ weight control for diabetes

1.02

(0.81, 1.28)

0.64

(0.26, 1.58)

−0.38

Take prescribed meds for depression

1.94

(0.40, 9.54)

1.89

(0.17, 21.34)

−0.05

Breast screening coverage

2.97

(1.66, 5.29)

3.47

(1.74, 6.91)

0.5

Eye examination

2.26

(1.29, 3.96)

2.83

(1.19, 6.73)

0.57

Cervical screening coverage

1.64

(0.83, 3.22)

7.45

(2.78, 19.95)

5.81

Operation if have cataracts

0.85

(0.50, 1.43)

1.1

(0.35, 3.50)

0.25

Medication or treatment from a dentist

1.06

(0.68, 1.67)

1.23

(0.80, 1.89)

0.17

Cost

The last outpatient visit was free

1.92

(0.82, 4.52)

1.59

(0.85, 2.92)

−0.33

The last inpatient visit was free

4.63

(0.88, 24.36)

4.89

(1.54, 14.73)

0.26

Catastrophic health expenditure

20%

0.40

(0.35, 0.46)

0.60

(0.51, 0.71)

0.2

30%

0.32

(0.26, 0.38)

0.52

(0.43, 0.63)

0.2

40%

0.24

(0.20, 0.29)

0.48

(0.39, 0.60)

0.24

Access

Received healthcare last time when needed

1.11

(1.05, 1.17)

1.03

(0.99, 1.07)

−0.08

Cost was a barrier to getting healthcare

0.14

(0.06, 0.32)

0.15

(0.03, 0.92)

0.01

Any outpatient visits in the past 12 months

1.47

(1.18, 1.83)

1.22

(0.98, 1.51)

−0.25

Time to get to the clinic> 1 h

0.17

(0.04, 0.75)

0.26

(0.09, 0.77)

0.09

Any hospital stays in the past 3 years

1.17

(0.84, 1.63)

1.11

(0.79, 1.56)

−0.06

Time to get to the hospital> 1 h

0.09

(0.01, 0.87)

0.60

(0.17, 2.1)

0.51

  1. RII= Relative Index of Inequality
  2. : All measures adjusted for respondents’ age and gender unless stated
  3. : means the result did not adjust for gender;
  4. Bold for significance level of 0.05;
  5. The lowest income group was the reference group with rural and urban areas;
  6. Absolute difference was rural deducted by urban