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Table 4 Multilevel linear regression of the utilization of CPG on antimicrobial

From: Utilization of clinical practice guideline on antimicrobial in China: an exploratory survey on multilevel determinants

 

Model 0

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Intercept

3.957***

1.796

2.306*

2.913**

Individual level

Domain: Physician belief

  Attitude

 

− 0.017 (− 0.087~0.053)

−0.010 (− 0.080~0.061)

−0.019 (− 0.090~0.052)

  Subjective norm

 

0.155*** (0.089~0.221)

0.151*** (0.087~0.214)

0.158*** (0.095~0.221)

  Perceived risk

 

−0.048** (− 0.085~ − 0.012)

−0.038* (− 0.074~ − 0.001)

− 0.045** (− 0.082~ − 0.009)

  Behavioral intention

 

0.304*** (0.226~0.382)

0.297*** (0.221~0.373)

0.297*** (0.221~0.372)

Domain: CPG traits

  Relative advantage

 

0.05 (− 0.022~0.121)

0.046 (−0.169~0.109)

0.038 (− 0.025~0.101)

  Ease of use

 

0.127*** (0.067~0.188)

0.124*** (0.066~0.182)

0.124*** (0.067~0.182)

Domain: Hospital practice

  Top management support

 

0.167*** (0.100~0.234)

0.165*** (0.098~0.233)

0.159*** (0.091~0.226)

  Organization & Implementation

 

0.145*** (0.079~0.212)

0.166*** (0.103~0.229)

0.161*** (0.098~0.223)

Demographic characteristics

  Gender (Ref: Female)

    

  Male

  

0.011 (−0.053~0.074)

0.030 (−0.034~0.094)

 Age (Ref: ≥45 years old)

   < 35 years old

  

−0.002 (− 0.198~0.193)

0.025 (− 0.169~0.220)

  35~44 years old

  

0.065 (−0.107~0.238)

0.087 (− 0.085~0.259)

 Education (Ref: Doctor)

  Junior college or below

  

0.114 (−0.142~0.371)

0.069 (−0.193~0.332)

  Bachelor

  

0.041 (−0.069~0.151)

0.016 (−0.098~0.130)

  Master

  

0.027 (−0.077~0.130)

0.018 (−0.084~0.120)

 Professional Title (Ref: Senior)

  Junior

  

−0.464 (− 0.183~0.090)

−0.051 (− 0.186~0.085)

  Intermediate

  

−0.006 (− 0.104~0.091)

−0.017 (− 0.113~0.080)

 Department (Ref: Other)

  Internal medicine

  

−0.035 (− 0.139~0.069)

−0.013 (− 0.115~0.090)

  Surgery

  

−0.039 (− 0.145~0.066)

−0.019 (− 0.124~0.086)

  Gynecology and obstetrics

  

0.002 (−0.131~0.136)

0.022 (−0.111~0.155)

  Ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology

  

−0.171* (− 0.303~ − 0.038)

−0.160* (− 0.292~ − 0.029)

 Years in Practice (Ref: > 20 years)

   < 5 years

  

− 0.263 (− 0.601~0.075)

−0.284 (− 0.620~0.052)

  5~10 years

  

−0.275 (− 0.602~0.051)

−0.289 (− 0.614~0.035)

  11~15 years

  

−0.294 (− 0.608~0.019)

−0.303 (− 0.615~0.008)

  16~20 years

  

−0.181 (− 0.456~0.095)

−0.173 (− 0.447~0.101)

Organizational level

 Hospital rank (Ref: Secondary)

  Tertiary

   

0.003 (−0.084~0.089)

 Region (Ref: Western)

  Eastern

   

−0.141*** (− 0.223~ − 0.060)

  Central

   

−0.068 (− 0.149~0.013)

 Random effectsa

  Organization, variance

0.364 (0.018)***

0.162 (0.008)***

0.166 (0.008)***

0.164 (0.008)***

  -2 Log likelihood

1515.258

930.912

940.728

941.152

  1. Notes: Presented by t value or odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001;
  2. a Estimate and SE