Composites and survey items | Average positive response (%)* | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Overall perception of safety (Cronbach’s a = 0.61) | 74.6 | 4.0 | 0.7 |
Patient safety is never sacrificed to get more work done | 85.5 | 4.2 | 1.0 |
Our policies and procedures and systems are effective in preventing errors | 77.4 | 4.0 | 0.9 |
It is just by chance that more serious mistakes do not happen around here(R)** | 71.4 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
We have patient safety problems in this unit(R) | 64.0 | 3.8 | 1.0 |
Supervisor/Manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety (Cronbach’s a = 0.78) | 81.6 | 4.1 | 0.6 |
My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures | 79.2 | 4.0 | 0.8 |
My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety | 89.1 | 4.3 | 0.7 |
Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts(R) | 72.3 | 3.9 | 1.0 |
My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over(R) | 85.7 | 4.2 | 0.8 |
Organizational learning and continuous improvement (Cronbach’s a = 0.79) | 92.9 | 4.4 | 0.6 |
We are actively doing things to improve patient safety | 96.4 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
Mistakes have led to positive changes here | 95.1 | 4.4 | 0.7 |
After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness | 87.3 | 4.2 | 0.7 |
Teamwork within units (Cronbach’s a = 0.87) | 89.7 | 4.3 | 0.7 |
Staff supports one another in this unit | 92.8 | 4.4 | 0.8 |
When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 92.8 | 4.4 | 0.7 |
In this unit, people treat each other with respect | 91.6 | 4.4 | 0.8 |
When members of this unit get really busy, other members of the same unit help out | 81.6 | 4.1 | 0.9 |
Staffing (Cronbach’s a = 0.53) | 53.7 | 3.5 | 0.7 |
We have enough staff to handle the workload | 75.9 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care (R) | 39.7 | 3.1 | 1.2 |
We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care (R) | 65.9 | 3.8 | 1.0 |
When the work is in “crisis mode” we try to do too much, too quickly (R) | 33.4 | 3.0 | 1.2 |
Hospital management support for patient safety (Cronbach’s a = 0.74) | 83.7 | 4.2 | 0.7 |
Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety | 80.8 | 4.1 | 0.8 |
The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority | 90.7 | 4.3 | 0.7 |
Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens (R) | 75.9 | 4.0 | 0.9 |
Hospital handoffs & transitions (Cronbach’s a = 0.86) | 73.1 | 4.0 | 0.7 |
Things “fall between the cracks”, i.e., things might go uncontrolled and get lost when transferring patients from one unit to another (R) | 55.1 | 3.6 | 0.9 |
Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes (R) | 87.2 | 4.3 | 0.8 |
Problems often occur in the exchange of information across hospital units (R) | 75.4 | 4.0 | 0.8 |
Shift changes are problematic for patients in this hospital (R) | 74.6 | 4.0 | 0.9 |
Communication openness (Cronbach’s a = 0.57) | 52.2 | 3.5 | 0.7 |
Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care | 70.0 | 3.9 | 0.9 |
Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority | 21.3 | 2.9 | 1.0 |
Staff are afraid to ask questions when something does not feel right (R) | 65.3 | 3.8 | 1.0 |
Feedback and communications about error (Cronbach’s a = 0.76) | 77.6 | 4.1 | 0.7 |
We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports | 76.8 | 4.1 | 0.8 |
We are informed about errors that happen in this unit | 73.9 | 4.1 | 0.9 |
In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again | 82.1 | 4.2 | 0.8 |
Frequency of events reported (Cronbach’s a = 0.89) | 43.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 |
When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected affecting the patient, how often is this reported? | 44.0 | 3.4 | 1.1 |
When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported? | 41.5 | 3.3 | 1.1 |
When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported? | 46.2 | 3.4 | 1.2 |
Non-punitive response to error (Cronbach’s a = 0.68) | 51.1 | 3.4 | 0.8 |
Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 45.7 | 3.2 | 1.1 |
When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem (R) | 75.0 | 3.9 | 1.0 |
Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file (R) | 35.5 | 3.0 | 1.1 |
Teamwork across hospital units (Cronbach’s a = 0.84) | 76.2 | 4.0 | 0.7 |
Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other and this might affect patient care (R) | 65.7 | 3.8 | 1.0 |
There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together | 79.1 | 4.0 | 0.8 |
It is often not easy to work with staff from other hospital units (R) | 75.0 | 3.9 | 0.9 |
Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients | 85.2 | 4.2 | 0.8 |