From: Association of daily copayments with use of hospital care among medicare advantage enrollees
Intervention Plans | Control Plans | Difference- in-Difference Estimates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year Before Benefit Change | Year After Benefit Change | Year Before Intervention Plan Changes | Year After Intervention Plan Changes | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
Beneficiaries enrolled for full 12 months in either year | ||||||
Inpatient admissions per 100 enrollees | 20.0 | 19.6 | 19.7 | 20.8 | −1.4*** (−1.8 to −0.9) | −0.9** (− 1.4 to − 0.3) |
Inpatient days per 100 enrollees | 87.0 | 86.9 | 81.9 | 88.2 | −6.3*** (−9.3 to −3.3) | −4.2* (−7.9 to − 0.5) |
Proportion hospitalized (%) | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.4 | −1.0*** (− 1.3 to − 0.7) | − 0.5** (− 0.9 to − 0.1) |
Mean inpatient length of stay | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 (− 0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (− 0.1 to 0.2) |
Beneficiaries enrolled for full 24 months in same plan | ||||||
Inpatient admissions per 100 enrollees | 24.4 | 29.2 | 24.0 | 29.7 | −0.9** (−1.4 to − 0.4) | −0.6 (− 1.2 to 0.0) |
Inpatient days per 100 enrollees | 122.8 | 154.4 | 117.8 | 152.0 | −2.6 (−6.0 to 0.8) | −2.0 (− 6.3 to 2.4) |
Proportion hospitalized (%) | 10.9 | 13.3 | 10.8 | 13.9 | −0.6** (− 0.9 to − 0.3) | −0.3* (− 0.7 to 0.0) |
Average inpatient length of stay | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 0.1 (−0.0 to 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) |
Beneficiaries enrolled for any amount of time | ||||||
Inpatient admissions per 100 enrollees | 28.5 | 28.2 | 28.8 | 30.0 | −1.5*** (−2.0 to − 1.0) | −0.9** (− 1.5 to − 0.4) |
Inpatient days per 100 enrollees | 153.2 | 154.2 | 150.7 | 158.3 | −6.6*** (− 10.0 to −3.2) | −3.6 (−7.7 to 0.6) |
Proportion hospitalized (%) | 12.2 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 13.2 | −1.1*** (− 1.4 to −0.8) | −0.5** (− 0.9 to − 0.2) |
Average inpatient length of stay | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) |