Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of ALC and non-ALC patients
|  | ALC patients (N = 255) | Non-ALC patients (N = 4056) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age median (IQR) | 81.0 (72.5–88.0) | 68.0 (55.0–79.0) | < 0.0001 |
Age by category | |||
 < 80 years | 103 (40.4%) | 3059 (75.4%) | < 0.0001 |
 > =80 years | 152 (59.6%) | 997 (24.6%) |  |
Male | 111 (43.5%) | 2049 (50.5%) | 0.0357 |
Estimated yearly income ($) based on postal code | 35,277 | 35,277 | 0.4345 |
Median (IQR) | (32,410-36,685) | (31,883-36,685) | |
Marital status | |||
 Currently married | 100 (39.2%) | 1817 (44.8%) | < 0.0001 |
 Widowed | 87 (34.1%) | 707 (17.4%) |  |
 Other | 68 (26.7%) | 1532 (37.8%) |  |
Admitted from | |||
 Home | 187 (73.3%) | 3639 (89.7%) | < 0.0001 |
 Retirement home | 51 (20.0%) | 245 (6.0%) |  |
 Other | 17 (6.7%) | 172 (4.2%) |  |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||
 0 | 50 (19.6%) | 1322 (32.6%) | < 0.0001 |
 1 | 57 (22.4%) | 941 (23.2%) |  |
 > =2 | 148 (58.0%) | 1793 (44.2%) |  |
Charlson Comorbidity | |||
 Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (7.5%) | 83 (2.1%) | < 0.0001 |
 Dementia | 79 (31.0%) | 184 (4.5%) | < 0.0001 |
 Diabetes with complications | 75 (29.4%) | 790 (19.5%) | 0.0002 |
Top 7 CMG | |||
 139 | 11 (4.3%) | 430 (10.6%) | 0.0019 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |||
 138 | 15 (5.9%) | 232 (5.7%) | > 0.9999 |
 Viral / unspecified pneumonia | |||
 487 | 17 (6.7%) | 173 (4.3%) | 0.0980 |
 Lower urinary tract infection |  | ||
 254 | 4 (1.6%) | 145 (3.6%) | 0.1090 |
 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | |||
 196 | 9 (3.5%) | 134 (3.3%) | 0.9881 |
 Heart failure without cardiac catheter | |||
 437 | 7 (2.8%) | 113 (2.8%) | > 0.9999 |
 Diabetes | |||
 477 | 6 (2.4%) | 109 (2.7%) | 0.9036 |
 Renal failure | |||
Allied health team in hospital | |||
 Physiotherapy | 221 (86.7%) | 1340 (33.0%) | < 0.0001 |
 Occupational therapy | 178 (69.8%) | 510 (12.6%) | < 0.0001 |
 Speech language pathology | 50 (19.6%) | 149 (3.7%) | < 0.0001 |
 Respiratory therapy | 18 (7.1%) | 175 (4.3%) | 0.0575 |
Length of stay in days | 30.85 (19.79–69.88) | 3.95 (2.29–7.57) | < 0.0001 |
Median (IQR) | |||
ALC days | 13.00 | Â | Â |
Median (IQR) | (7.00–37.50) | ||
Hospital cost per patient ($) | 22,459 | 5003 | < 0.0001 |
Median (IQR) | (11,230-52,837) | (3627-8189) | |
Complications in hospital | |||
 Patients with any complication | 65 (25.5%) | 213 (5.3%) | < 0.0001 |
 Delirium | 12 (4.7%) | 29 (0.7%) | < 0.0001 |
 Aspiration | 9 (3.5%) | 16 (0.4%) | < 0.0001 |
 Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.1%) | > 0.9999 |
 Congestive heart failure exacerbation | 4 (1.6%) | 47 (1.2%) | 0.5424 |
 Acute kidney injury | 7 (2.8%) | 57 (1.4%) | 0.1013 |
 Pressure ulcer | 4 (1.6%) | 3 (0.1%) | 0.0004 |
 Traumatic fractures | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0.0019 |
 Drug adverse effects | 3 (1.2%) | 10 (0.3%) | 0.0376 |
 Nosocomial infections | 36 (14.1%) | 76 (1.9%) | < 0.0001 |
 Pneumonia | 15 (5.9%) | 24 (0.6%) | < 0.0001 |
 Urinary tract infection | 17 (6.7%) | 34 (0.8%) | < 0.0001 |
 Clostridioides difficile colitis | 8 (3.1%) | 9 (0.2%) | < 0.0001 |
 Sepsis | 0 (0%) | 12 (0.3%) | > 0.9999 |
Death in hospital | 36 (14.1%) | 166 (4.1%) | Â |
Mortality rate | 0.25 | 0.66 | Â |
Deaths / 100 patient days | |||
Discharge destination (of those who were discharged alive) | < 0.0001 | ||
 Acute care hospital | 6 (2.7%) | 51 (1.3%) |  |
 Rehabilitation | 71 (32.4%) | 65 (1.7%) |  |
 Home | 14 (6.4%) | 2462 (63.3%) |  |
 Home with community agency support | 52 (23.7%) | 1015 (26.1%) |  |
 Retirement home | 18 (8.2%) | 145 (3.7%) |  |
 Nursing home | 38 (17.4%) | 21 (0.5%) |  |
 Chronic care | 15 (6.9%) | 32 (0.8%) |  |
 Other | 5 (2.3%) | 99 (2.5%) |  |
Readmission to hospital within 30 days (of those who were discharged alive) | 26/219 (11.9%) | 676/3890 (17.4%) | 0.0440 |