Table 3 Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression analysis to identify the provider and facility-level determinants of clinical knowledge on maternal and newborn care in Ethiopia (n = 3800)
Variables | Univariate model | Model I | Model II | Model III | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β Coef. | P-value | β Coef. | P-value | β Coef. | P-value | β Coef. | P-value | |
Provider-level variables | ||||||||
Providers cadre | ||||||||
Medical Doctors | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Health Officers | 0.050 | 0.576 | 0.090 | 0.299 | 0.082 | 0.340 | ||
Midwife BSC and Above | 0.084 | 0.344 | 0.131 | 0.125 | 0.109 | 0.203 | ||
Midwife diploma | 0.016 | 0.857 | 0.073 | 0.389 | 0.061 | 0.470 | ||
Nurse BSC | 0.026 | 0.771 | 0.097 | 0.262 | 0.079 | 0.364 | ||
Nurse diploma | −0.070 | 0.433 | 0.002 | 0.978 | −0.007 | 0.937 | ||
Total experience | −0.001 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.132 | 0.000 | 0.167 | ||
NO of facilities posted previously | 0.000 | 0.179 | 0.000 | 0.769 | 0.000 | 0.785 | ||
Experience in current facility | 0.000 | 0.907 | 0.000 | 0.958 | 0.000 | 0.946 | ||
Providers age | 0.001 | 0.192 | 0.000 | 0.543 | 0.000 | 0.874 | ||
No. of delivery attended in last month | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.627 | 0.000 | 0.794 | ||
Providers sex | ||||||||
Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Male | 0.018 | < 0.001 | 0.028 | < 0.0001 | 0.029 | < 0.0001 | ||
No. of maternal and newborn services delivered in last 3 month | 0.011 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.0001 | 0.006 | < 0.0001 | ||
No. of training received on maternal and newborn services | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.254 | < 0.0001 | 0.003 | < 0.0001 | ||
Facility-level variables | ||||||||
Managing authority | ||||||||
Public | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Private for profit | 0.002 | 0.892 | − 0.049 | < 0.001 | −0.049 | 0.005 | ||
Private for non-profit | 0.006 | 0.707 | −0.014 | 0.419 | −0.012 | 0.495 | ||
Types of facility | ||||||||
Hospital/MCH specialty center | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Health center/clinics | −0.064 | < 0.0001 | − 0.043 | < 0.0001 | −0.023 | 0.054 | ||
Facility location | ||||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Rural | −0.037 | −0.019 | < 0.0001 | −0.021 | 0.001 | |||
Availability of computer | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.031 | < 0.0001 | 0.010 | 0.041 | −0.001 | 0.917 | ||
Availability of internet | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.058 | < 0.0001 | 0.020 | 0.043 | 0.016 | 0.164 | ||
Availability of safe abortion care guideline | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.037 | < 0.0001 | 0.015 | 0.002 | −0.005 | 0.400 | ||
Availability of protocol on management of selected obstetric topics | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.031 | < 0.0001 | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.723 | ||
Availability of protocol on integrated management of pregnancy, childbirth, postnatal, and newborn | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.029 | < 0.0001 | 0.011 | 0.030 | −0.002 | 0.797 | ||
Availability of protocol on care for LBW including KMC | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.027 | < 0.0001 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.015 | 0.018 | ||
Availability of protocol on treatment of infection in young infants (IMNCI) | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.019 | < 0.0001 | 0.005 | 0.343 | −0.002 | 0.724 | ||
Availability of protocol on referral and counter referral | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.011 | 0.028 | −0.012 | 0.018 | −0.006 | 0.340 | ||
Random effect | ||||||||
Variance (SE) | 0.016 (0.0004) | 0.014 (0.0004) | 0.014 (0.0004) | |||||
Model Fitness | ||||||||
Log Likelihood | 2428.184 | 1469.503 | 1483.823 | |||||
AIC | − 4828.368 | − 2907.007 | − 2911.647 | |||||
BIC | − 4740.981 | − 2816.673 | − 2753.589 | |||||