Skip to main content

Table 3 Two-variable Regressions Showing the Factors Associated with EMS Use after Adjusting for Stroke Severity†

From: Why acute ischemic stroke patients in the United States use or do not use emergency medical services transport? Findings of an inpatient survey

 

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95%CI)

Stroke symptom characteristics

 Awake at stroke onset: Yes (vs. Not awake at onset)*

3.6 (1.2, 11.0)

 Multiple symptoms at onset (vs. Single symptom at onset)

6.1 (0.1, 363.0)

Knowledge/familiarity with stroke

 Familiarity with the stroke experience (Self or family member/friend had a stroke): Yes (vs. No)*

5.0 (1.6, 15.1)

 Thought of stroke and perceived symptom as relevant for self: Yes (vs. No)*

26.3 (7.6, 91.1)

Perceived external barriers to EMS use

 Family member/other person present discouraged calling 911: Yes (vs. No)*

0.1 (0.01, 0.7)

 Reported financial barrier/concern about cost of ambulance use: Yes (vs. No)

0.4 (0.1, 1.2)

  1. EMS, emergency medical services; OR, odds ratio
  2. † Some factors did not show statistical significance due to zero or very low values in one of the EMS use categories. These were: Knew the importance of quick treatment/ambulance arrival, Family member/others around at time of stroke, Positive encouragement to call 911 by bystander, Previous experience or expectation of long ED wait anyway, Live out in the country, Tend to be proactive about personal health, Concerned about ED medical staff’s negative affective response, Directed to actions other than calling 911 by physician’s office, and Prior experience of self/family members with 911 for ambulance
  3. * P < 0.05 for decision to call 911 for an ambulance (Yes/No), adjusted for stroke severity, admission NIHSS score
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us