Table 2 Summary of study outcomes
Study | Number | Reported outcome measures | Results: Pharmacist home visit group compared to control |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 222 | Medication adherence at 12/12 Contact with GPs from 3/12 to 12/12 Hoarding at 3/12 Economic evaluation | Improved: 86% vs 69%, p = 0.0001 Less: 54% vs 74%, p < 0.01 Less: 1% vs > 95%, P < 0.001 Cost effective (net benefit of the 1st visit £864.47 dropping to £4.87 at the 5th visit) | |
n = 822 | Emergency hospital readmission over 6/12 Death within 6/12 Admission to care home over 6/12 QOL EQ. 5D change over 6/12 QOL VAHS change over 6/12 Hoarding Economic evaluation | RR 1.30, 95%CI (1.07 to 1.58), p = 0.0009 HR 0.75 (0.53 to 1.10), p = 0.14 37/300 vs 32/285, NS 0.006 (− 0.048 to 0.059), p = 0.84 Worse: −4.12 (−8.09 to − 0.15), p = 0.042 Decreased in INT: 40 to 19%, p < 0.001 Not cost effective (net increase of £271 for NHS per patient) | |
Holland 2007 [25] | n = 339 | Emergency hospital readmission over 6/12 Death within 6/12 QOL EQ. 5D change over 6/12 QOL VAHS change over 6/12 Medication adherence (MARS) at 6/12 | RR 1.15 (1.08 to 1.40), p = 0.59 HR 1.18 (0.69 to 2.03), p = 0.54 0.07 (− 0.01 to 0.14), p = 0.08 − 0.93 (− 6.05 to 4.20), p = 0.72 0.12 (− 48 to 0.73)p = 0.68 |
Jackson 2004 [28] | n = 128 | Bleeding complications over 3/12 Readmission due to bleeding over 3/12 Death within 3/12 | 15% vs 36%, p = 0.009 3% vs 8%, p = 0.32 7% vs 8%, p = 0.90 |
Lenaghan 2007 [33] | n = 136 | Non elective hospital admissions over 6/12 Death within 6/12 (% diff in proportion) Admission to care home over 6/12 (% diff in proportion) QOL EQ. 5D change over 6/12 QOL VAHS change over 6/12 | RR 0.92 (0.50 to 1.70), p = 0.80 1.3% (− 12.2 to 14.7), p = 0.81 − 3.0% (− 11.0 to 5.0), p = 0.30 0.09 (− 0.19 to 0.02), p = 0.10 4.8 (− 12.5 to 2.8), p = 0.21 |
Naunton 2003 [32] | n = 136 | Unplanned hospital admissions at 3/12 Death within 3/12 Medication adherence (“never miss”) | 28% vs 45%, p = 0.05 5% vs 8%, not reported 87% vs 44%, p < 0.001 |
Olesen 2014 [26] | n = 630 | Non elective hospital admissions over 24/12 Death within 24/12 Medication adherence (% non-adherent) | OR 1.14 (0.78 to 1.67), NS HR 1.41 (0.71 to 2.82), NS 11% vs 10%, NS |
Peterson 2004 [29] | n = 94 | Medication adherence (never/rarely miss) Cholesterol levels | NS difference 4.4 (0.6) vs 4.6 (0.8) mmol/L, p = 0.24 |
Sidel 1990 [22] | n = 284 | Medication adherence (change in those who ‘remember to take’) Health service contact (change in 3/12) | −.09 vs − 0.19, p = 0.52 − 1.16 vs 0.25, p = 0.08 |
Triller 2007 [30] | n = 144 | All cause hospital admissions, HF- related admissions Death QOL (not named) Care costs | 58% vs 55%, p = 0.63 51% vs 42%, p = 0.26 18% vs 22%, p = 0.67 NS difference NS difference |
Tuttle 2018 [31] | n = 159 | Acute care utilisation (hospital admissions, emergency care visits, urgent care centre visits) | NS difference: 44% vs 41%, p = 0.72 (hospital admissions 26% vs 26%, p = 0.95) |
Vuong 2008 [27] | n = 316 | Medication adherence (modified Morisky) Medication knowledge (bespoke) | Improved: 0.23 vs 0.41, p = 0.028 Improved: 0.70 (0.24) vs 0.78 (0.14), p = 0.001 |