Table 1 Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

Patients ≥18 years old.

Patients < 18 years old.

Patients admitted to an acute medical inpatient ward.

Patients admitted to the day procedure unit, Emergency department short stay, non-medical ward or hospital-in-the-home.

Falls outside the patient’s ward, such as cafeteria.

Falls reported to the centralised electronic incident reporting system (RISKMAN Database).

Poor documentation: Falls with inadequate or missing documentation in the patient medical record or post-fall medical assessment form.

Events meeting the World Health Organisation (WHO) definition for a fall.

Events not meeting the WHO definition for a fall:

1. Near-misses, where a patient was aided or assisted to a lower level, or prevented from reaching the ground.

2. Patient witnessed to intentionally lower themselves to ground, such as from fatigue or dyspnoea.