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Table 1 Study population characteristics (2014)

From: Prediction of health care expenditure increase: how does pharmacotherapy contribute?

 

All

Train

Validation

Test

Patients, n (%)

373′264 (100%)

298′611 (80%)

37′326 (10%)

37′327 (10%)

Demographics

 Age, median [IQR]

63.8 [49.2, 75.1]

63.8 [49.3, 75.1]

63.6 [49.0, 75.2]

63.8 [49.1, 75.1]

 Gender [female], n (%)

226′085 (60.6%)

180′730 (60.5%)

22′565 (60.5%)

22′790 (61.1%)

 Language Area, n (%)

  German

275′025 (73.7%)

219′998 (73.7%)

27′469 (73.6%)

27′558 (73.8%)

  French

69′120 (18.5%)

55′292 (18.5%)

6′927 (18.6%)

6′901 (18.5%)

  Italian

29′119 (7.8%)

23′321 (7.8%)

2′930 (7.8%)

2′868 (7.7%)

 Deductible, n (%)

  CHF 300

250′287 (67.1%)

200′211 (67.0%)

25′026 (67.0%)

25′050 (67.1%)

  CHF 500–1000

92′274 (24.7%)

73′900 (24.7%)

9′175 (24.6%)

9′199 (24.6%)

  CHF > 1000

30′703 (8.2%)

24′500 (8.2%)

3′125 (8.4%)

3′078 (8.2%)

Cost

 Total Costs (CHF), median [IQR]

3′932 [1′944, 8′597]

3′935 [1′946, 8′586]

3′948 [1′958, 8′642]

3′894 [1′915, 8′642]

 Cost Difference (CHF)*, median [IQR]

93 [−1′746, 2365]

93 [− 1′750, 2′365]

62 [− 1′791, 2′305]

122 [− 1′668, 2′441]

 Increase, n (%)

193′766 (51.9%)

155′058 (51.9%)

19′130 (51.3%)

19′578 (52.4%)

Drug Therapy

 Number of drugs, median [IQR]

9 [6, 15]

9 [6, 15]

9 [6, 15]

9 [6, 15]

 Number of prescriptions§, median [IQR]

19 [11, 34]

19 [11, 34]

19 [11, 34]

19 [11, 34]

 Route of administration, n (%)

  oral

369'101 (98.9%)

295′313 (98.9%)

36′926 (98.9%)

36′862 (98.8%)

  intravenous

122′361 (32.8%) 

97′764 (32.7%)

12′427 (33.3%)

12′170 (32.6%)

Health Care Utilisation

 Number of visits||, median [IQR]

8 [4, 13]

8 [4, 13]

8 [4, 13]

8 [4, 13]

 Hospitalisation [yes], n (%)

66′427 (17.8%)

53′085 (17.8%)

6′688 (17.9%)

6′654 (17.8%)

  1. Descriptive statistics such as median, interquartile range (IQR), absolute and relative frequencies were computed using R (Version 3.3.1). Age was used as 18 age categories in the models, but shown as continuous variable in this table for easier interpretation. *Cost Difference = Total Costs 2015 - Total Costs 2014 (CHF = Swiss Francs), Increase = Cost Difference > 0, Number of different drugs defined by active components, §Number of prescribed drugs, identified by GTIN, ||Number of outpatient physician office visits